三门峡市植烟土壤养分现状及动态变化分析

Analysis on Nutrients Status and Dynamic Changes of Tobacco-growing Soil in Sanmenxia City

通过分析2007年和2017年三门峡市烟田土壤养分数据,了解三门峡市植烟土壤养分现状及动态变化。结果表明,三门峡烟区植烟土壤属中性偏碱性,有机质含量属适宜至偏低水平,碱解氮含量较高,有效磷含量中等,速效钾含量较高,水溶性氯含量平均值较低,符合优质烟叶生产标准。与2007年相比,2017年土壤pH值<7.0的比例略有提升,碱性特点依然突出;有机质含量略有降低,适宜植烟的土壤比例略有降低;碱解氮含量处于高肥力或极高肥力的烟田占比增加明显;有效磷含量较低的植烟土壤占比仍较大;速效钾含量平均值略有降低,但仍属丰富水平;水溶性氯含量平均值较低,其含量<30 mg/kg的烟田占比增加了12.08百分点。提出了要更加注重“稳氮、提钾、增香”的基本原则,注重氮、磷、钾配比协调,做好有机肥与无机肥相结合、基肥与追肥相结合、集中与分施相结合,大力推行基肥条施技术等施肥技术。

By analyzing soil nutrient data of tobacco fields in Sanmenxia City in 2007 and 2017,the nutrients status and dynamic changes of tobacco-growing soil in Sanmenxia City were understood.The results showed that the tobacco-growing soil in Sanmenxia tobacco-growing area was neutral and alkaline;organic matter content was at suitable to low level;the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was higher;the content of available phosphorus was medium;the content of available potassium was higher;the average water-soluble chlorine content was lower,which was in line with high quality tobacco production standards.Compared with 2007,the proportion of soil pH value less than 7.0 slightly increased,alkaline characteristics were still prominent,the content of organic matter decreased slightly,and the proportion of soil suitable for tobacco planting decreased slightly,the proportion of the tobacco fields with high or very high fertility of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increased obviously;the proportion of tobacco-growing soil with low available phosphorus content was still larger;the average content of available potassium decreased slightly,but still at the rich level;the average water-soluble chlorine content was lower,and the proportion of tobacco fields with the content less than 30 mg/kg increased by about 12.08 percentages.It′s proposed that more attentions should be paid to the basic principle of"stabilizing nitrogen,improving potassium and enhancing fragrance",as well as the coordination of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium ratio.The measures should be conducted,including combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers,combination of base and topdressing fertilizers,combination of concentrate and distribute fertilizers.The base fertilizer strip application technology and other fertilization technologies should be vigorously promoted.