经济安全化视角下美国重塑半导体供应链政策评析

Review of US Policy to Reshape Semiconductor Supply Chain From Perspective of Economic Securitization

近年来,美国经济安全化现象日益突出,美国将国家安全的外延扩展至经济领域,通过国家权力干预经济活动以服务其总体国家安全战略。在经济安全化趋势下,拜登政府给半导体供应链贴上“自身不足”和“中国挑战”两大安全标签,为其采取非常规手段重塑半导体供应链提供合法性。在具体路径上,美国通过扶持本土先进半导体制造、收紧半导体出口管制及投资审查、构建排他性半导体供应链联盟等措施重塑半导体供应链。鉴于受到本土生产成本高、美国半导体企业顾虑及盟伴遏制中国动力不足等因素制约,美国重塑半导体供应链的政策效果仍有待观察。中国应强化对半导体产业的支持力度,分化美国构建的半导体供应链联盟,加大半导体技术研发和人才培养,维护中国半导体供应链稳定。

In recent years,the phenomenon of economic securitization in the US has become increasingly prominent.The US has extended the extension of national security to the economic field and intervened in economic activities through state power to serve its overall national security strategy.Under the trend of economic securitization,the Biden administration has labeled the semiconductor supply chain with two security labels of self-deficiency and China challenge,providing legal support for its unconventional means to reshape the semiconductor supply chain.In terms of specific paths,the US has reshaped the semiconductor supply chain through measures such as supporting local advanced semiconductor manufacturing,tightening semiconductor export controls and investment reviews as well as building an exclusive semiconductor supply chain alliance.In light of the constraints faced by the US,such as the high cost of local production,concerns of American semiconductor companies,and a lack of motivation from American allies to contain China,the policy effect remains uncertain.China should increase its support for the semiconductor industry,split the semiconductor supply chain alliance built by the US,increase semiconductor technology research and development and personnel training,and maintain the stability of China's semiconductor supply chain.