博物馆阐释中几个基本问题辨析

On Museum Interpretation in Definition,Essence,Effects and Elements

阐释学的要旨是鼓励人们在理解的基础上创建个人意义,因此,它将成为推动中国博物馆由“藏品导向”向“观众导向”转型的核心议题。阐释学从文化、自然遗产领域被引介至博物馆领域并开枝展叶,但围绕该议题一直存在由直觉和经验所导致的认知模糊甚至误区。类型上,博物馆的阐释属于探索型阐释,不可将其任意发展为独断型阐释;功能上,有效的阐释将有助于理解博物馆信息、增强差异化体验、改善后续行为;要素上,在借鉴阐释学模型等代表性成果的基础上,提出博物馆阐释的成功离不开六大要素,即主题性、舒适度、组织性、相关性、趣味性和评估性。

Hermeneutics as a subject of understanding and interpretation aims to inspire people to role-play positively on the understanding basis,so which plays significantly in the transition of Chinese museums to develop from‘collection-oriented’to‘audience-oriented’.In spite of some cognition confusion and misunderstanding over the topics concerned from individual intuition and experience in practice,Hermeneutics is being applied to the fields of museuology as it has been to the studies of cultural and natural heritages.Museum interpretation is explorative rather than dogmatic in essence.Effective museum interpretation makes better sense of the content of exhibition so as to cultivate unusual experience useful to improve the follow-up.It is summed up by the typical cases achieved by hermeneutic model that any ideal museum interpretation depends on the six factors covering theme,comfort level,organization,correlation,amusement and assessment.