面向典型工况的四点接触球轴承接触状态分析

Analysis on Contact State of Four-Point Contact Ball Bearings for Typical Working Conditions

四点接触球轴承在实际服役环境下易出现三点、四点接触现象,复杂时变的接触特征导致其建模分析及试验研究的难度较大。首先,建立四点接触球轴承力学模型,对其接触受力及运动状态进行分析;然后,利用刚体动力学分析轴承各零件之间的瞬态几何关系;最后,利用赫兹接触和润滑理论建立力学模型,通过GSTIFF I3求解器获取轴承组件在各个时刻相互之间作用所产生的状态信息,从而得到四点接触球轴承的多点接触特征。基于上述模型开展了转速、径向载荷等工况参数对四点接触球轴承动态接触的影响分析,结果表明:当转速较高时,轴承在离心力的作用下容易出现三点接触现象,副接触对的接触力随着转速的提高而逐渐增加;当径向载荷与轴向载荷比值增加到一定程度时,轴承易出现四点接触现象。

Four-point contact ball bearings are prone to three-point and four-point contact under actual service environment,and the complex time-varying contact characteristics lead to greater difficulty in modeling analysis and experimental research.Firstly,a mechanical model of the bearings is established to analyze the contact force and motion state.Then,the transient geometric relationship among bearing parts is analyzed by rigid body dynamics.Finally,a mechanical model is established based on Hertz contact and lubrication theory.GSTIFF I3 solver is used to obtain the state information generated by interaction between bearing components at each moment,so as to obtain the multi-point contact characteristics of the bearings.Based on the above model,the influence of rotational speed,radial load and other working parameters on dynamic contact of the bearings is analyzed.The results show that when the rotational speed is high,the bearings are prone to three-point contact under the action of centrifugal force,and the contact force of auxiliary contact pair gradually increases with the increase of rotational speed;when the ratio of radial load to axial load increases to a certain extent,the bearings are prone to four-point contact.