Stably doped graphene transparent electrode with improved lightextraction for efficient flexible organic light-emitting diodes

Graphene-based flexible transparent electrodes(FTEs)are promising candidate materials for developing next-generation flexible organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).However,the quest for high-efficiency OLEDs is hindered by the low light-extraction and charge injection efficiencies of graphene electrode.Here,we combine the frustrated Lewis pair doping with nanostructure engineering to obtain high-performance graphene FTE.A p-type dopant aci-nitromethane-tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane(ANBCF)was synthesized and deposited on graphene FTE to form an aperiodic nanostructure,which not only improves the light-extraction but also stably p-dopes graphene to enhance its hole injection.The use of ANBCF-doped graphene as the anode enables high-efficiency flexible green OLEDs with external quantum efficiency(EQE)and power efficiency(PE)out-performing most flexible graphene OLEDs of comparable structure.This study provides a simple and effective pathway to fabricate high-performance graphene FTEs for efficient flexible OLEDs.