吉林省2017-2022年腹泻婴幼儿中轮状病毒病原学特征

Pathogenic characteristics of rotavirus in infants with diarrhea in Jilin province from 2017 to 2022

目的了解吉林省2017—2022年腹泻婴幼儿中轮状病毒(rotavirus,RV)病原学特征,为制定儿童腹泻防控策略提供依据。方法收集2017年1月至2022年12月<5岁腹泻婴幼儿粪便标本2565份,采用ELISA法检测RV抗原,RV分型鉴定采用巢式反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法,采用SPSS 24.0软件对结果进行统计学分析。结果检出ELISA阳性标本982份,总阳性率38.3%。2017—2022年阳性率分别为52.5%、42.2%、36.8%、23.8%、41.7%、26.1%,10月到次年的5月出现两个小高峰。12~23月龄阳性率最高,其次是24~35月龄。G分型以G9为主,P分型以P[8]型为主,G/P组合按检出率顺序为G9P[8]、G2P[4]、G3P[8]、G1P[8]、G4P[6],2022年为G9P[8]单一型别感染。结论RV是吉林省5岁以下儿童腹泻的重要病原之一,冬春季节高发,主要感染12~23月龄儿童,G9P[8]基因型是吉林省主要流行优势型别。

Objective To understand the pathogenic characteristics of rotavirus(RV)in infants with diarrhea in Jilin province from 2017 to 2022.To provide basis for development and draw up infectious disease prevention and control strategies of infants with diarrhea.Methods A total of 2565 stool samples were collected from children with infectious diarrhea from 2017 to 2022.The RVA antigens were detected by ELISA method,and the positive samples were classified by RT-PCR.The results were statistically analyzed with SPSS 24.0 software.Results There were 982 positive samples,with a total positive rate of 38.3%.From 2017 to 2022,the positive rates of RV were 52.5%、42.2%、36.8%、23.8%、41.7%、26.1%per year.There are two peaks from October to May of the next year.The positive rate of 12-23 months old was the highest,followed by 24-35 months old.G-type is dominated by G9,and P-type is dominated by P[8],G/P combination is G9P[8],G2P[4],G3P[8],G1P[8],G4P[6]according to the detection rate.G9P[8]was the only type in 2022.Conclusions RV is one of the important pathogens of diarrhea in children under 5 years of age in Jilin province.It occurs frequently in winter and spring,It mainly affects children aged between 12 and 23 months.The dominant strain is G9P[8]in Jilin province.