2023年北京某高校流感流行季甲型流感感染及治疗状况分析

Infection status and treatment of influenza A in one university in Beijing during the influenza season of 2023

目的了解北京市某高校甲型流感感染及治疗状况,为高校防控流感提供科学依据。方法以某高校流感流行季确诊的甲型流感学生病例为研究对象,分析并比较病例的人群中的分布特征、临床表现和治疗转归。结果2023年2月20日至2023年3月27日共纳入189例甲型流感确诊病例,罹患率为0.72%,男性占74.07%;病例平均年龄为(20.32±2.31)岁;85.71%的病例为本科生,本科生罹患率(1.10%)高于研究生(0.24%),2022级本科生罹患率(1.86%)最高;本轮甲型流感流行期为36 d,发病高峰为2023年2月28日至3月6日;病例以发热、咳嗽、咽痛、鼻塞等临床症状为主;磷酸奥司他韦治疗组、玛巴洛沙韦治疗组与中成药物治疗组比较,热退时间和抗原转阴时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论某高校本次甲型流感以本科生男性为主,以发热、咳嗽、咽痛为主要症状,抗病毒治疗可以缩短病程。

Objective To understand the status of influenza A infection and treatment in a university in Beijing,so as to provide the evidence for the prevention and control of influenza in colleges and universities.Methods Confirmed influenza A cases of students in a university were selected as the research subjects,and the distribution characteristics,clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of the cases were analyzed and compared.Results A total of 189 confirmed influenza A cases from February 20,2023 to March 27,2023 were included,with an attack rate of 0.72%.The male patients accounted for 74.07%and the average age of the patients was 20.32±2.31 years.Undergraduates accounted for 85.71%of the cases,and the attack rate of undergraduates(1.10%)was higher than that of graduate students(0.24%).The highest attack rate(1.86%)was found in grade 2022 undergraduates.The current epidemic of influenza A lasted for 36 d,and the incidence peak appeared during February 28 to March 6,2023.The main clinical symptoms were fever,cough,sore throat and nasal congestion.The differences in the times of fever clearance and negative seroconversion of antigen among oseltamivir phosphate treatment group,malbaloxavir treatment group and traditional Chinese medicine treatment group were statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusions Most of the influenza A cases were male undergraduates in a university.Fever,cough and sore throat were the main symptoms.Antiviral treatment could shorten the course of the disease.