民国时期出版业练习生制度述论

The New Apprenticeship in Publishing during the Period of the Republic of China

民国时期,出版业普遍施行练习生制度。练习生制度根植于中国传统学徒制的历史土壤,留存着鲜明的本土特色,并随着西方职业教育学和科学管理法的引进,吸收其中的先进理念和要素后不断得以完善,逐渐形成了具有现代特征的职业教育模式。练习生通过招考被录用后,出版企业为其组织了正规的、系列化的文化补习和业务训练,旨在提高其职业能力,增进其文化素养。同时,出版企业还会定期考核练习生的习业成果,依此安排职务晋升及薪资福利。在多项规章的合力之下,民国时期的出版业练习生制度在个人及企业发展上获得了效益双赢。但该制度由于时局环境及管理者的价值观差异产生了期望落差。练习生制度是民国出版业职业教育进步的佐证,并能为当下出版企业的人才培养及出版学科建设提供借鉴和参考。

A new form of apprenticeship was commonly implemented in the publishing industry during the period of the Republic of China.The new apprenticeship was rooted in the traditional Chinese apprenticeship and has distinctive native features.Meanwhile,the institution was improved by absorbing the advanced concepts of Western vocational education and scientific management,which gradually formed a vocational education model with modern characteristics.After the recruitment of new apprentices,the publishing company organized formal and systematized cultural tuition and vocational training for them,with the aim of improving their professional competence and literacy.Also,the publishing company regularly appraised the performance of new apprentices,which influenced the arrangement about promotions,salaries and benefits.With the joint effects of several regulations,the new apprenticeship had achieved a mutual benefit in terms of both personal and business development.However,the institution is also constrained by the context,and the institution did not produce the expected effect due to differences in the values of managers.The new apprenticeship was the evidence of the modernization of vocational education in the period of Republic of China's publishing industry,and it can provide a reference for the training of talents in publishing companies and the construction of publishing disciplines in the present scenario.