运动水平对不同跑速条件下的下肢关节协调性特征的影响

Effect of Skill Level on the Coordination of Lower Limb Joints in Running at Different Speeds

目的:利用两关节之间连续相对相位作为评价协调性特征的指标,并通过对比运动员和普通人在常速跑和最大速度跑时协调性特征的差异,明确下肢关节协调性特征在不同跑速之间的变化,并确定运动水平对协调性特征的影响。方法:选取32名男性大学生(运动员和普通人各16名)为受试者。使用红外运动捕捉系统分别采集受试者在3 m/s,5 m/s和最大速度跑时的运动学数据,计算每名受试者在跑步支撑期同侧关节相对相位和双侧关节相对相位,使用重复测量方差分析的方法确定不同运动水平和速度跑步时协调性特征之间的差异。结果:随着跑速增加,同侧关节和双侧关节的相对相位均发生改变,同侧膝踝关节相对相位减小,髋膝关节相对相位在不同阶段有不同的变化;双侧髋关节相对相位增加,膝关节相对相位增加,而踝关节相对相位减小。运动水平对下肢关节相对相位的影响主要表现在最大速度跑,对常速跑的影响不大。结论:随着跑速的增加,动作控制策略表现为远端关节相对相位减小,提示在维持步态稳定性方面有重要作用,而近端环节则主要与动作速度增加有关。运动员在常速运动中的动作控制策略与普通人一致,但是在需要发挥最大能力的运动中显著提高。

Objective:This study compared the difference of motor coordination between athletes and non-athletes running at different speeds,to clarify the change of coordination among different speeds,and to determine the effect of training on coordination.Methods:32 male college students(16 athletes and 16 non-athletes)participated in this study.3D kinematic data at different speeds running were collected,intra-limb and inter-limb continuous relative phase(CRP)were calculated,and repeated-measurement AVOVA was performed to determine the difference of coordination between two groups at different speeds.Results:Inter-limb and intra-limb coordination both changed among running speeds.Knee-ankle decreased,hip-hip and knee-knee increased with running speeds increased,and hip-knee,ankle-ankle changed differently in different gait phase.The effects of group on coordination were found in sprint instead of the other two speeds.Conclusions:With the increasing of running speed,CRP of distal joints decreased,suggesting that it played an important role in gait stability,while proximal joints were mainly related to motor tasks.The motor control strategies of athletes were the same as non-athletes in slow speed running but significantly improved in the sprint.