基于湖北省河湖管理范围划定关键问题的对策研究

Research on key issues in delimitation the scope of river and lake management in Hubei Province

河湖管理范围划界是生态文明建设需求、河湖长制工作的重要任务之一。无堤防河湖划界相关水位确定、毗邻对象边界不清晰、管理范围与“三区三线”其他空间融合交叉等是划界工作顺利开展及划界成果是否科学合理的决定性因素。以典型地区、典型湖泊为例,利用资料收集、数据分析、图像比对、走访调研等手段,分析无堤防河湖占比、河湖特点、水文监测点布设情况,摸查无水文监测资料河湖的历史高水位及设计水位的推求方法,比对管理范围与三区三线交叉及重叠情况。结果显示:对于无堤防河湖,可采用已有相关规划或设计成果,无现有成果的采取经验公式及经验参数计算设计洪水从而推算设计洪水位,无水文监测资料的历史最高洪水位通过资料查阅、洪痕调查、群众走访等方法获取;毗邻对象边界按照当地已约定俗成的管理习惯或共用相对高级别河湖的管理范围线的原则划定;某地河流、湖泊管理范围涉及基本农田面积,在划界实施中基本农田部分面积未避让,典型湖泊的生态保护区与管理范围不吻合,河湖管理范围按照相对较大的生态保护区范围适当调整。划界水位的科学及可靠性是管理范围是否合理的控制性因素,采用现有成果、调查法、经验公式法等手段获取划界水位时,对现有成果进行充分分析论证、保证调查方法的规范科学、选取经验公式及经验值的合理可信是重要基础;毗邻对象边界确定属于管理范畴问题,遵循管理现状及规则是较好的解决途径;河湖管理范围与“三区三线”、城市规划控制线等区域空间有重叠或交叉时,可在不改变重叠部分范围用地类型及权属的情况下,通过制定用途管制规则进行范围管控,达到水资源安全、行洪安全、水生态安全的保护目标。这些关键问题的研究是科学划定河湖管理范围的根本前提,为社会发展提供资源保护、生态安全、可持续利用的基本保障。

The delineation of the scope of river and lake management is one of the important tasks for the construction of ecological civilization and the system of river and lake leaders.The determination of water levels related to the demarcation of rivers and lakes without embankments,unclear boundaries of adjacent objects,and the integration and intersection of management scope with other spaces of the"three zones and three lines"are decisive factors for the smooth progress of demarcation work and the scientific and reasonable result of demarcation.Taking typical regions and lakes as examples,using method such as data collection,data analysis,image comparison,and visiting research,analyze the proportion of rivers and lakes without embankments,the characteristics of rivers and lakes,and the layout of hydrological monitoring points.Explore the calculation method for the historical high water level and design water level of rivers and lakes without hydrological monitoring data,and compare the management scope with the intersection and overlap of three areas and three lines.The result show that for rivers and lakes without embankments,existing planning or design achievements can be used.For rivers and lakes without existing achievements,empirical formulas and parameters can be used to calculate the design flood level,and the historical highest flood level without hydrological monitoring data can be obtained through method such as data review,flood trace investigation,and public visits;The principle of defining the boundaries of adjacent objects based on established management practices or shared management boundaries for relatively higher level rivers and lakes;The management scope of rivers and lakes in a certain area involves the area of basic farmland,and some areas of basic farmland have not been avoided during the demarcation implementation.The ecological protection area of typical lakes does not match the management scope,and the management scope of rivers and lakes is adjusted appropriately according to the relatively large ecological protection area.The scientific and reliable delineation of water level is a controlling factor for the rationality of management scope.When using existing result,investigation method,empirical formula method,and other method to obtain delineation water level,it is important to fully analyze and demonstrate the existing result,ensure the standardized and scientific investigation method,and select empirical formulas and values that are reasonable and reliable;The boundary determination of adjacent objects belongs to the management category problem,and following the current management status and rules is a good solution;When the management scope of rivers and lakes overlaps or intersects with regional spaces such as the"three zones and three lines"and urban planning control lines,the scope control can be achieved by formulating use control rules without changing the land type and ownership of the overlapping areas,in order to achieve the protection goals of water resource safety,flood safety,and water ecological safety.The study of these key issues is the fundamental prerequisite for scientifically defining the scope of river and lake management,providing basic guarantees for resource protection,ecological security,and sustainable utilization for social development.