服务业数字化转型、就业增长与人力资本升级

Digital Transformation of the Service Industry,Employment Growth,and Human Capital Upgrading

从理论探究出发,以2009—2019年A股服务业上市公司为样本,利用文本分析技术提取年报中数字化关键词,研究服务业数字化转型对就业增长和人力资本结构的影响。结果发现,数字化转型能够促进就业增长与人力资本升级,在一系列稳健性检验下研究结论仍然成立。进一步分析发现,赋能企业创新、降低企业成本、增加企业需求是数字化转型促进服务业就业增长的主要途径。数字化转型对国有企业、行业竞争程度高、生活性服务业的就业影响更大。

Starting from the theoretical exploration,taking the listed A-share service companies in 2009-2019 as the sample,the paper uses text analysis to extract the digital keywords in the annual report to study the impact of digital transformation on employment growth and the human capital structure of the service industry.The results show that digital transformation can promote employment growth and human capital upgrading,and the conclusion is still valid under a series of robustness tests.Further analysis shows that enabling enterprise innovation,reducing enterprise costs,and increasing enterprise demand are the main ways for digital transformation to promote employment growth in the service industry.The digital transformation has a greater impact on the employment of state-owned enterprises,industries with high competition,and life services.