微纳米塑料与细胞的相互作用的研究进展

Progress in the interaction between micro/nano-plastics and cells

微纳米塑料(M/NP)主要是指塑料在紫外线照射、机械摩擦等条件下发生碎裂而形成的,尺寸在微纳米范围内的粒子.M/NP污染范围广、种类多,对环境生物造成了各种负面影响,而最近从人体中检测到M/NP的报道频繁出现,M/NP对人体健康的影响已经成为研究热点.M/NP对生物的影响依赖于其与细胞的作用,而M/NP的细胞摄取和外排是影响其在细胞内的滞留,进而影响其生物效应的关键.因此,在简单总结了环境中M/NP的来源、人群暴露途径及已发现的健康影响的基础上,详细总结了M/NP与细胞作用的研究进展,包括细胞对M/NP的摄取和毒性,以及相关影响因素,并展望了今后开展相关研究的方向和需要关注的事项,为M/NP的生物效应的研究以及健康风险评估提供参考.

Micro/nano-plastics(M/NP)are particles formed when plastics break down under conditions such as ultraviolet ex-posure and mechanical friction,and have dimensions within the range from micrometer to nanometer.Widespread and diverse M/NP pollution has caused various negative impacts on the environmental organisms.Recently,reports of M/NP being detected in human bodies occur frequently,making the impact of M/NP on human health a hot research topic.The impact of M/NP on living organisms depends on its interaction with cells,and the cellular uptake and excretion of M/NP are key factors affecting its retention in cells,thereby affecting its biological effects.In this review,after a brief introduction of the sources of M/NP in the environment,population exposure pathways,and discovered health impacts on humans,the research progress in the interaction between M/NP and cells is comprehensively discussed,including the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of M/NP,as well as rele-vant influencing factors.Finally,future research directions and areas of concern are discussed.This review provides reference for studying the bioeffects and assessing the health risks.