城乡大学生社会情感能力发展差异研究——基于浙江省4462名大学生调查数据的实证分析

Research on Differences in the Development of Social-Emotional Competence between Urban and Rural Undergraduate Students—An Empirical Analysis Based on Survey Data from 4462 Undergraduate Students in Zhejiang Province

城乡大学生社会情感能力差异研究逐渐成为高校人才培养机制改革和高等教育过程性公平领域的新兴议题。基于浙江省4 462名大学生调查数据的研究发现,农村大学生社会情感能力发展水平总体显著低于城市大学生,但少部分农村大学生社会情感能力表现优异;城乡大学生在开放思维、与人交往、协作能力等方面差距最明显;家庭背景对城市大学生社会情感能力的影响显著,而对农村大学生社会情感能力的影响不显著;学校归属感、同伴支持和生师互动是造成城乡大学生社会情感能力分化的关键要素。鉴于上述研究发现,高校应建立社会情感能力培养机制,为学生提供高质量的人际互动机会;农村大学生应主动强化生师互动与同伴支持,涵养学校归属感;家庭应创设温暖的家庭氛围,优化子女的情感能量,以促进其社会情感能力的发展。

The study on the differences in the development of social-emotional competence between urban and rural undergraduate students has gradually become an emerging issue in the reform of talent cultivation mechanism and the process equity of higher education.Based on the survey data from 4462 undergraduate students in Zhejiang Province,the study found that the overall development of social-emotional competence among rural undergraduate students was significantly lower than that of urban undergraduate students,although a small proportion of rural undergraduate students excelled in social-emotional competence;The gap between urban and rural undergraduate students was most evident in open-mindedness,interpersonal interaction,and collaborative competence;Family background had a significant impact on the development of social-emotional competence among urban undergraduate students,but not among rural college students;Sense of school belonging,peer support,and student-faculty interaction were key elements contributing to the differentiation of social-emotional competence between urban and rural undergraduate students.In light of these findings,universities should establish social-emotional competence cultivation mechanisms to provide students with high-quality interpersonal interaction opportunities.Individual rural undergraduate students could take the initiative to strengthen student-faculty interaction and peer support to cultivate a sense of belonging in universities.In addition,family is expected to create a warm atmosphere to optimize their children’s emotional energy in order to make great progress in their social-emotional competence.