现代世界和工业革命兴起的新思路——诺思理论遗产与新制度历史诠释的批判和开拓

New Thoughts on the Modern World and the Rise of the IndustrialRevolution: Criticizing and Pioneering the Theoretical Legacy ofNorth and His New Institutional Interpretation of History

诺思的新制度理论注重历史分析,以制度变迁解释西方世界兴起的原因。他的理论遗产由三个构件组成——财产权理论、国家-政体理论、认知-信念理论。以这些理论为基础,新制度分析学派不断提出新的观点和理论主张。尤其是2012年以来,一些新的拓展已自成体系,并创造了广泛的学术影响。它们继承了诺思的遗产,同时也不断对它提出批判和质疑。求新和再造是这些进展的共同特征。阿西莫格鲁等分析了全球经济史中的制度选择模式,他们不仅主张政治制度是经济制度的基础,而且认为历史不是注定的而是“因势而变的”;莫基尔指出了诺思在技术因素上的理论缺欠,他以信念和制度演变解释文化与技术创新,将“增长的文化”作为西方兴起的根本原因;霍奇逊否定了诺思等的财产权观点和对光荣革命的看法,重塑制度和财产权的理论,将可抵押财产的权利和法律对金融交易的保障视为英国引领工业革命的原因。

North's New Institutionalist Theory emphaaizes hisorical analysis and explains the reasons of the rise of the western world by institutional change.His theoretical legacy consists of three components:property rights theory.state government theory,and cognitio belief theory.Based on these theories,the new scholl of institutional analysis has continwously put forward new ideas and theoretical propositions.Especially since 2012.some new developments have become slf-contained and created a wide academic impact.They have inberited North's legacy.but at the same time have continued to eriticie and question it.Innovating and reinvention are the common features of these develop-ments.Daron Acemoglu and others analyzed the models of the institutional choices in the globe economic history.not only elaiming that political instit utions are the foundations of economic institutions,but also insisting that history is not predetermined but rather changes acording to the situation.Joel Mokyr pointed out the deficiency of technological elements in North'theory,explaining inovations in culture and technology by the evolution of beliefs and institu-tions.and considering"a culure of growth"as the key cause of the rise of the West.Goffrey M.Hodgson reted North and other's theory of property and his idea conceming the Glorious Revolution,and made a theoretical rebuilding to institutions and property.considering the rights of morlgaged property and the legal safeguards for financial transactions as the reasons for the Britain leading of the Industrial Revolution.