现代社会中的刑法与两种安全

Criminal Law in Modern Society and Two Types of Security

现代社会需要妥善地处理通过国家实现的安全和免遭国家侵犯的安全,这两种安全之间的关系。如今,立法者为了满足安全保障方面的需求,愈加频繁地诉诸刑法。刑法之所以能成为保障安全的有效手段,是因为它有助于推动人们形成对规范有效性的信赖。危险犯的立法一方面提高了刑法保护法益的能力,另一方面也严重限制了规范对象者的自由空间。危险犯有其自身独立的不法,这就导致危险犯的法定刑并不必然低于实害犯的法定刑。现代安全刑法的某些内容,并不符合法治国自由刑法的传统原则,也很容易催生出一种纯粹象征性的刑事政策。我们应当坚持不懈地寻找更为适当的替代措施。对于社会冲突的解决而言,刑法只能是最后手段,而不可能是最佳甚至唯一的手段。

Modern societies need to properly address the relationship between two types of security,namely,security through the State and security from State encroachment.Nowadays,the legislators resort to criminal law more frequently to meet the need for security.The criminal law could be an effective means of guaranteeing security because it helps to promote trust in the validity of norms.The legislation of potential damage offense,on the one hand,enhance the ability of criminal law to protect legal interests,and on the other hand,severely limit the freedom of those to whom the norms are addressed.The potential damage offense has its own independent illegitimacy,which lead to the fact that the statutory penalties for the potential damage offense are not necessarily lower than those for the actual damage offense.Certain elements of modern security criminal law are not in line with the traditional principles of rule of law in Freedom Criminal Law and can easily give rise to a purely symbolic criminal policy.We should persevere in the search for more appropriate alternatives.Criminal law can only be a last resort,not the best or even the only one,for the resolution of social conflicts.