明中叶诗坛上的朝与野、刚与柔——李梦阳与文徵明诗风之比较

In office and In opposition, Rigidity and Softness in the Poetryof the Mid Ming Dynasty——A Comparison of the Poetic Styles between Li Mengyang and Wen Zhengming

明代“前七子”之一的李梦阳和“吴中四才子”之一的文徵明,二人出生年月相近,也同样才华横溢,却由于人生轨迹的不同,在诗歌风格与文坛地位上出现了较大的反差。李梦阳出生在北地庆阳,二十二岁考中进士,参与朝政事务,引领了声势浩大的复古运动;文徵明出生在江南苏州,九次科考无果,追求闲适市隐,在诗文书画方面成就突出。李梦阳众体兼长,诗歌雄浑刚健,代表的是一种阳刚之美;文徵明偏好律诗,诗歌典雅飘逸,展现的是一种阴柔之美。二人诗歌风格有较大的不同,其中个性特点、成长环境、学习传承对二人的诗风有着巨大的影响。

Li Mengyang,one of the former“seven sons”,and Wen Zhengming,one of the“four talented sons of Wu Zhong”,were born in similar years and were equally talented.However,due to their different life paths,there was a significant contrast in their poetic style and literary status.Li Mengyang was born in Qingyang.At the age of 22,he passed the imperial examination and participated in court affairs,leading the massive retro movement.Wen Zhengming was born in Suzhou,south Yangtze River.He failed nine imperial examination and pursued leisure and seclusion.He achieved outstanding achievements in poetry,literature,calligraphy,and painting.Li Mengyang has a combination of various forms and strengths,and his poetry is forceful and vigorous,representing a kind of masculine beauty;Wen Zhengming likes rhythmic poetry,which is elegant and refined,showcasing a kind of feminine beauty.There are significant differences in their poetic styles,among which personality traits,growth environment,and learning inheritance have a huge impact on their poetic style.