刑事诉讼出罪司法自由裁量权的规范适用

Normative Application of Judicial Discretion in CriminalProceedings for Decriminalization

刑事诉讼出罪具体包括侦查阶段撤销案件、审查起诉阶段作不起诉决定和审判阶段作无罪判决。不同诉讼阶段的司法主体行使自由裁量权对不具有需罚性的行为人予以出罪,这是公正与效率价值平衡的具体表现,能够有效提高刑事诉讼效率。但从司法实践来看,出罪效果主要由检察官作存疑不诉与酌定不诉实现,警察与法官行使权力予以出罪案例较少,导致出罪程序适用不均,不利于制度体系协调发展。因此,为完善出罪裁量权制度体系,本文以司法主体运用自由裁量权进行事实认定和法律适用作为视角,明晰出罪权行使正当性,并在此基础上分析主体的认知系统结构及影响因素,阐明出罪裁量权的规制及其限度,确保司法主体规范行使权力。

Decriminalization includes the dismissal of a case at the investigation stage,the decision not to prosecute at the prosecution stage,and the verdict of acquittal at the trial stage.The exercise of discretion by judicial subjects at different stages of litigation to convict perpetrators who are not punishable is a concrete manifestation of the balance between the values of justice and efficiency,which can effectively improve the efficiency of criminal proceedings.However,from the viewpoint of judicial practice,the effect of decriminalization is mainly realized by the prosecutor as a doubtful and discretionary non-prosecution,and there are fewer cases in which the police and the judges exercise their power to decriminalise,resulting in uneven application of the decriminalization procedure,which is not conducive to the coordinated development of the institutional system.Therefore,in order to improve the system of criminal discretionary power,this paper takes the perspective of the judicial subject’s use of discretionary power to make factual determinations and apply the law,clarifies the legitimacy of the exercise of the power to decriminalise,and analyzes the structure of the subject’s cognitive system and the factors affecting it on this basis,and clarifies the regulation of the power of discretionary power to decriminalise and its limits,so as to ensure that the judicial subject can exercise its power in a standardized manner.