3个烤烟品种在宣威高海拔多雨烟区的适宜采收成熟度研究

Suitable Harvest Maturity of Three Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties in High-altitude Rainy Tobacco Area in Xuanwei

为探明云南宣威高海拔多雨烟区3个烤烟品种(‘云烟105’‘、云烟301’和‘中川208’)中、上部烟叶适宜的采收成熟度,通过田间小区试验,设置尚熟、成熟、次过熟3个采收成熟度,研究其对烤烟经济效益、外观质量、物理特性、内在化学成分和感官质量的影响。结果表明,随着采收时间的延迟,‘云烟301’和‘中川208’烟叶综合品质上升,在烟叶物理特性上表现为含梗率下降,叶面密度、抗张力上升,但外观质量上存在中部烟叶颜色略淡的问题,烟叶烟碱含量降低。随着采收成熟度的提高,‘云烟105’综合品质呈现先升高后降低的趋势。各品种经济效益随采收时间的推迟呈先升高后降低的趋势。综合考虑,‘中川208’‘、云烟301’的中部叶待田间成熟时即可采收,而上部烟叶应待田间鲜烟叶达次过熟标准后再进行采收‘,云烟105’在田间烟叶达成熟标准时即可采收。

In order to explore the appropriate harvesting maturity of the middle and upper tobacco leaves of three flue-cured tobacco varieties in the high-altitude rainy tobacco area of Xuanwei,Yunnan Province,three harvest maturity levels were set to study their effects on economic benefits,appearance quality,physical characteristics,intrinsic chemical composition and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco through the field plot experiment.The results showed that the comprehensive quality of‘Yunyan 301’and‘Zhongchuan 208’tobacco leaves increased with the delay of harvest time.In terms of physical characteristics of tobacco leaves,the stalk percentage decreased,leaf surface density and tension resistance increased.In terms of appearance quality,the color of central tobacco leaves was slightly lighter,and the nicotine content of tobacco leaves decreased.With the increase of harvest maturity,the comprehensive quality of‘Yunyan 105’increased first and then decreased.The economic benefit of each variety increased first and then decreased with the delay of harvest time.In general,the middle leaves of‘Zhongchuan 208’and‘Yunyan 301’can be harvested when they are ripe in the field,while the upper tobacco leaves should be harvested when the fresh tobacco leaves in the field reach the sub-ripe standard,while‘Yunyan 105’can be harvested when they are ripe in the field.