枯草芽孢杆菌与酵素菌对马铃薯根际土壤微生物的影响

Effects of Bacillus subtilis and Enzyme on Potato Rhizosphere Soil Microorganisms

研究旨在提高马铃薯的产量和品质,为减化肥减农药的实施奠定理论基础。以榆林市榆阳区农业示范园区的马铃薯根际土壤为对象,通过在常规基肥及常规基肥的(80%、90%)的处理下分别加入枯草芽孢杆菌、酵素菌及生物炭,测定其对马铃薯根际土壤微生物的影响。采用高通量测序技术测定不同处理对马铃薯根际土壤微生物的丰富度等。结果表明,优质序列集中在序列长度400~420、420~440 bp间,优质序列数量分别为284937和183088。JS80处理后,马铃薯根际土壤微生物物种丰富度最高,而KS80和J80处理后物种丰富度仅次于JS80处理。JS80和KS80处理后马铃薯根际土壤Shannon指数较CK提高了4.5%和3.6%。通过对不同处理之间共有或者独有的OTU分析,不同处理后马铃薯根际土壤微生物丰度为JS80>KS80>KS90>CK>JS90,即JS80和KS80处理优于其他处理。马铃薯根际土壤微生物绿弯菌门在KS80处理后增加7.0%。研究表明施加生物炭处理后的马铃薯根际土壤微生物种群数量及丰富度优于未施用生物炭处理,相同菌肥处理下实施基肥80%处理优于90%处理,即JS80和KS80处理后土壤根际微生物群落丰富度优于其他处理,因此,在大田试验中可选用JS80和KS80作为基肥。

To improve the yield and quality of potato and lay a theoretical foundation for the implementation of reducing chemical fertilizers and pesticides,the potato rhizosphere soil in Yuyang Agricultural Demonstration Park of Yulin City was taken as the object,by adding Bacillus subtilis,enzyme bacteria and biochar under the treatment of conventional fertilizer and conventional fertilizer(80%,90%).The effects on soil microorganisms in potato rhizosphere were determined.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to measure the microbial richness of potato rhizosphere soil under different treatments.The results showed that the high-quality sequences were concentrated in sequence length 400-420 bp and 420-440 bp,and the number of high-quality sequences was 284937 and 183088,respectively.JS80 treatment resulted in the highest microbial species richness in potato rhizosphere soil,while KS80 and J80 treatments were second only to JS80.The Shannon index of potato rhizosphere soil under JS80 and KS80 was increased by 4.5%and 3.6%compared with CK.Based on the common or unique OTU analysis among different treatments,the results showed that the abundance of soil microorganisms in the potato rhizosphere soil was JS80>KS80>KS90>CK>JS90,that is,JS80 and KS80 were better than other treatments.The potato rhizosphere soil microorganism Chloroflexi increased by 7.0%with KS80 treatment.The study showed that the quantity and richness of soil microbial community in potato rhizosphere soil with biochar application were better than those without biochar application.Under the same bacterial fertilizer treatment,the 80%treatment of base fertilizer was better than the 90%treatment,that is,the richness of soil microbial community in rhizosphere soil after JS80 and KS80 treatments was better than other treatments.JS80 and KS80 can be used as base fertilizer in the field experiment.