主要粮食作物精细化农业气候区划——以四川省中江县为例

Refined Agro-climatic Zoning of Main Food Crops:Taking Zhongjiang County of Sichuan Province as an Example

为优化粮食生产产业布局、确保粮食安全,基于GIS开展中江主要粮食作物小麦和玉米种植精细化农业气候区划。利用中江气象监测站2007—2016年逐日气象资料、中江范围内及周边30个自动站2011—2015年逐日光照、气温、降水气象资料,2007—2016年全县小麦、玉米播种面积、总产和单产资料,以及1:250000地理信息数据和数字化图件,通过分析中江及周边小麦和玉米气象产量与各生育期气象条件的关系,结合生产实际,对比丰欠年之间的差异。分别选取玉米和小麦的3个关键生育期、6个关键影响气候因子作为区划指标,进行中江县主要粮食作物区划。结果表明,古店乡、石泉乡、集凤镇、富兴镇、南华镇、东北镇,靠南一点的永兴镇和石笋乡部分地方,最南端元兴乡和永丰乡,由于地势较高,水源保证较差,属于基本适宜的等级,其余地方都较为适宜。可利用适宜区域的气候资源、土壤资源优势,积极发展粮食作物种植,为粮食安全保障助力。

In order to optimize the distribution of grain production industry and ensure food security,the refined agro-climatic zoning of wheat and corn planting in Zhongjiang was carried out based on GIS.This paper used the daily meteorological data of Zhongjiang Meteorological Monitoring Station from 2007 to 2016,and the meteorological data of the sunshine duration,temperature and precipitation of the 30 automatic stations in and around the Zhongjiang from 2011 to 2015,2007-2016 wheat and corn sown area,total yield and unit yield,as well as 1:250000 geographic information data and digital maps to compare the difference between the high yield years and poor yield years through analyzing the direct relationship between the meteorological yield of wheat and corn and the meteorological conditions in each growth period in Zhongjiang and its surrounding areas.Three key growth periods and six key climate factors of corn and wheat were selected as the regionalization indicators for the zoning of main grain crops in Zhongjiang County.The results show that Gudian,Shiquan,Jifeng,Fuxing,Nanhua,Dongbei,some parts of Yongxing Town and Shisun Township in the south,and the southernmost Yuanxing and Yongfeng Township are basically suitable because of their high terrain and poor water supply,while the rest are more suitable.We can make use of the advantages of climate resources and soil resources in these suitable areas to actively develop the cultivation of food crops to ensure food security.