新疆疏附县阿月浑子物候期与气象条件分析

Analysis of Phenological Period and Meteorological Conditions of Pistachio vera.L in Shufu County of Xinjiang

本文利用喀什国家基准气候站1987—2022年的气象观测资料和疏附县阿月浑子生长物侯期及同期的温度数据,采用相关分析和回归分析方法,对疏附县阿月浑子种植区进行气候适宜性分析,并对疏附县阿月浑子生育期内的春季霜冻、冬季冻害和夏季高温热害等灾害的时空分布进行分析,确定影响阿月浑子生长发育的气象灾害。结果表明:疏附县阿月浑子从萌动至进入休眠的生育期为约270 d左右,1987—2022年间,疏附县2月下旬—4月中旬中的平均气温增加幅度为0.8~1.2℃/10 a,此期间的芽膨大期、芽开放期、花期(展叶期)平均每10 a分别提前4.5、5.9、4.6 d,说明气候变暖使阿月浑子春季物候期提前。要注意越冬防寒和防高温高湿条件下产生的病害是疏附县阿月浑子生产中主要问题。

Using the meteorological observation data from 1987 to 2022 of Kashi National Reference Climate Station and the growth data of Pistacia vera phenology and temperature in the same period in Shufu County,the suitable planting area of Pistacia vera in Shufu County was analyzed by using the correlation and regression analysis.And through analyzing the spatio-temporal distribution of frost in spring,frost damage in winter,high temperature stress in summer during the Pistacia vera growing time,the meteorological disasters that affecting Pistacia vera growth were determined.The results showed that the growth period of Pistacia vera from bud germination to dormancy was about 270 d in Shufu County,the average temperature increase from late February to mid-April was 0.8-1.2℃/10 a,and the bud swelling,bud opening,leaf spreading and flowering stage advanced 4.5,5.9 and 4.6 d/10 a,respectively,indicating that the climatic warming advanced the spring phenology of Pistacia vera in Shufu County.We should pay attention to the diseases caused by overwinter,high temperature and humidity.