无人驾驶的道交法规范构建

The Construction of Road Safety Regulation for Automated Driving

无人驾驶需要一个全新的立法框架。应当构建系统和整车双重安全技术标准的准入制度。以车辆所有人、管理人代替驾驶人,明确其各项义务,参与交通事故处理,承担交通违法责任。引入系统保险或者扩大第三者强制责任险承保范围与程度,实行完全无过错责任。强化生产商义务,包括查明系统漏洞、及时更新系统,采取网络安全和数据安全保护措施等。无人驾驶技术仍然在快速发展,有关技术标准尚未定型,在网络安全和数据保护的既有法律框架内,还必须针对无人驾驶继续探寻出行之有效的系统和整车双重安全技术标准、数据分类分级、安全风险评估以及具体规制方法和制度。道路交通安全法可以考虑以上述框架为基础,构建“监管沙盒”,授权地方进一步探索。

Automated driving requires a new legislative framework.Dual safety technical standards for both the system and the entire vehicle should be established.The vehicle owner and manager should take place of driver,clarify their obligations,participate in the handling of traffic accidents,and bear the responsibility for moving violation.New systematic insurance or expanded coverage and extent of compulsory third-party liability insurance,and full strict liability should be set up.Strengthen the obligations of manufacturers,including identifying system vulnerabilities,updating systems in a timely manner,and implementing network security and data security protection measures.Automated driving technology is still rapidly developing,and relevant technical standards have not yet been finalized.Within the existing legal framework of network security and data protection,it is necessary to continue to explore effective system and vehicle dual safety technical standards,data classification and grading,safety risk assessment,and specific regulatory methods and systems for automated driving.The Road Safety Law can consider building a"regulatory sandbox"based on the above framework and authorizing local authorities to further explore.