2021年凉山州居民传染病防治素养现况及影响因素分析

Current situation and influencing factors of literacy on infectious disease prevention and control among residents in Liangshan Prefecture in 2021

目的调查凉山州居民传染病防治素养水平并分析其影响因素,为制定疾病防治方法及策略提供参考。方法采用多阶段、分层整群抽样方法,对2021年凉山州常住居民进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 16.0软件进行χ^(2)检验及Logistic回归分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果共调查2795人,其中男性1490人(53.3%);彝族1500人(53.7%),汉族1029人(36.8%);平均年龄39.69岁;文化程度以小学为主(858人,30.7%),其次为初中(763人,27.3%)、不识字或识字很少(630人,22.5%);职业主要为农民(2041人,73.0%)。2283人(81.7%)自述无慢性疾病;1550人(55.5%)认为自己的身体健康状况“好”。凉山州居民传染病防治素养水平为14.4%。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,性别、文化程度、是否知晓自己血压值、慢性病患病情况是凉山州人群传染病防治素养水平的影响因素。女性传染病防治素养水平高于男性(OR=1.590,95%CI:1.179~2.145);文化程度越高的人群,传染病防治素养水平越高;知晓自己血压情况者传染病防治素养水平高于不知晓者(OR=1.441,95%CI:1.064~1.952);未患慢性病者传染病防治素养水平高于慢性病患者(OR=2.044,95%CI:1.474~2.834)。结论凉山州常住居民传染病防治素养水平仍有待提高,可针对男性、文化程度较低、不知晓自身健康情况者及慢性病患者开展健康素养干预。

Objective To investigate the level of literacy on infectious disease prevention and control among residents in Liangshan Prefecture and its influencing factors,and to provide reference for the development of disease prevention and control methods and strategies.Methods Using multi-stage and stratified cluster sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted among the permanent residents in Liangshan Prefecture in 2021.SPSS 16.0 software was used for Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results A total of 2795 people were surveyed,including 1490 males(53.3%),1500 Yi people(53.7%),and 1029 Han people(36.8%).The average age is 39.69 years old.The education level was mainly primary school(858,30.7%),followed by junior high school(763,27.3%),illiterate or little literate(630,22.5%).The main occupation was farmers(2041,73.0%).A total of 2283(81.7%)people reported no chronic diseases,and 1550 people(55.5%)rated their physical health as“good”.The level of literacy on infectious disease prevention and control in Liangshan Prefecture was 14.4%.The results of Logistic regression showed that gender,education level,whether they knew their blood pressure value,and the status of chronic diseases were the influencing factors of the literacy level of infectious disease prevention and control in Liangshan Prefecture.The literacy level of prevention and control of infectious diseases in females was higher than that in males(OR=1.590,95%CI:1.179-2.145).The higher the educational level,the higher the literacy level of infectious disease prevention and control.Those who knew their blood pressure had higher literacy level of infectious disease prevention and control than those who did not(OR=1.441,95%CI:1.064-1.952).The level of infectious disease prevention and control literacy of patients without chronic diseases was higher than that of people with chronic diseases(OR=2.044,95%CI:1.474-2.834).Conclusions The level of infectious disease prevention and control literacy among permanent residents in Liangshan Prefecture still needs to be improved.Health literacy interventions can be carried out for men,those with low education level,those who do not know their health status and those with chronic diseases.