中国内资和外资企业隐含碳排放及其影响因素研究——基于OECD-AMNE数据的MRIO-SDA分解

Measurement and Driving Factors of Carbon Emissions Embodied in China’s Domestic and Foreign Enterprises——The MRIO-SDA Decomposition Based on the OECD-AMNE Database

【目的/意义】“双碳”目标下准确测算我国内资和外资企业的碳排放及其驱动因素,有助于合理界定我国的碳排放责任和实现外资与环境的共赢发展。【设计/方法】基于经济合作与发展组织发布的跨国企业活动数据库,运用多区域投入产出模型及结构分解法对中国内资与外资企业碳排放进行了测算和分解。【结论/发现】研究期间我国10%~15%碳排放来源于外资企业,生产责任原则高估了中国的碳排放责任;外资进入对我国内资企业碳排放的拉动效应不显著;高碳行业煤炭消耗碳排系数下降显著抑制了内外资企业碳排放的增加;国内内资最终品需求和外资最终品出口显著促进了内外资企业碳排放的上升。总之,清晰界定我国的碳排放责任,促进内资与外资企业碳减排合作和降低煤炭为主的化石能源消耗是实现“双碳”目标的有效途径。

[Purpose/Significance]Under“Dual Carbon”goal,measuring the carbon emissions and driving factors of domestic and foreign enterprises in China can reasonably define China’s carbon emission responsibility,and achieve win-win development between foreign investment and the environment.[Design/Methodology]Based on the Activity of Multinational Enterprises database released by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development,this paper uses the Multi-regional Input Output model and the Structural Decomposition Analysis to calculate and decompose the carbon emissions of Chinese domestic and foreign companies.[Conclusions/Findings]During the study period,10%to 15%of carbon emissions came from foreign enterprises,therefore China’s carbon emission responsibility is overestimated under the production-based approach.The FDI inflows have little effect on the carbon emissions of Chinese domestic companies.The decrease in carbon emission coefficients of coal consumption in the carbon-intensive industries is the most important factor in curbing the carbon emissions of domestic and foreign companies;the final demand of domestic companies and the export of foreign companies significantly promote the carbon emissions of domestic and foreign companies.To sum up,clearly defining China’s carbon emission responsibilities,promoting carbon emission reduction cooperation between domestic and foreign enterprises,and reducing the consumption of coal-based fossil energy are effective ways to achieve the“Dual Carbon”goal.