基于“3414”试验模型的大蒜氮磷钾肥效应研究

Study on Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer on Garlic Based on"3414"Test Model

为探索大蒜生产对N、P、K的有效利用率,建立高效的大蒜施肥模型,完善大蒜施肥技术体系,指导大蒜大田生产精准施肥,以四川早熟蒜为试验对象,采用“3414”肥料效应田间试验,摸清四川早熟蒜在弥渡县生产过程中的农艺性状、产量、肥料效应。结果表明,在该试验条件下,当667 m^(2)施N 29.64 kg、P_(2)O_(5)9.6 kg、K_(2)O 25.27 kg,可得到最佳蒜薹产量869.18 kg;当667 m^(2)施N 37.45 kg、P_(2)O_(5)10.27 kg、K_(2)O 28.78 kg,可得到最佳蒜头产量1678.48 kg,其中单位养分对蒜薹的平均增产量以氮肥最高(11.02 kg/kg),钾肥次之(0.85 kg/kg),磷肥最低(0.02 kg/kg);单位养分对蒜头的平均增产量以氮肥最高(19.26 kg/kg),钾肥次之(0.11 kg/kg),磷肥最低(-0.6 kg/kg),其中磷肥为负效应。

In order to explore the effective utilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in garlic production,establish an efficient garlic fertilization model,improve the garlic fertilization technical system,and guide the precise fertilization in garlic field production,the"3414"fertilizer effect field experiment was carried out to find out the agronomic traits,yield and fertilizer effect of Sichuan early garlic in the production process in Midu County.The results showed that under the experimental conditions;When N 29.64 kg,P_(2)O_(5)9.6 kg and K_(2)O 25.27 kg are applied per 667 m^(2),the optimal garlic stem yield of 869.18 kg can be attained;When N 37.45 kg,P_(2)O_(5)10.27 kg and K_(2)O 28.78 kg were applied per 667 m^(2),the optimal garlic yield was 1678.48 kg.The average yield of garlic stem per unit nutrient was the highest in nitrogen fertilizer(11.02 kg/kg),followed by potassium fertilizer(0.85 kg/kg)and the lowest in phosphate fertilizer(0.02 kg/kg).The average yield of garlic per unit nutrient was highest in nitrogen fertilizer(19.26 kg/kg),followed by potassium fertilizer(0.11 kg/kg),and the lowest in phosphorus fertilizer(-0.6 kg/kg),phosphorus fertilizer had a negative effect.