云薯系列马铃薯品种的冬作表现及种薯处理对产量的影响

Performance of Yunshu Potato Variety Series and Effect of Seed Potato Treatment on Yield in Winter Cropping

马铃薯作为云南省仅次于玉米和水稻的第三大粮食作物,其产业是促进贫困地区农民增收和高原特色农业发展的重要支柱性产业。为进一步优化品种结构和产业布局,采用云南省农业科学院自主选育的51个马铃薯品种作为试验材料,在云南省马铃薯冬作代表区域德宏自治州进行品种比较试验,分析种薯在不同处理方式下打破休眠对出苗及产量的影响,并分析农艺性状之间的相关性。试验采用二因素条区试验设计。A因素为品种,51个品种依据其相应特性分成5组,即示范组、加工组、冬作组、大春组和特色组;B因素为种薯处理方式,分为3种方法,即种薯在室温下自然打破休眠、使用1%硫脲+20 mg/L GA3浸泡30 min催芽打破休眠和收获后放入4~6℃冷库自然打破休眠。运用主成分分析和隶属函数分析进行农艺性状与产量综合评价。3种不同处理方式间马铃薯产量差异极显著(F=9.713,P<0.001),不同分组之间的产量差异也极显著(F=17.134,P<0.001)。苗势与长势之间存在极显著正相关,苗势与单株结薯数之间存在显著正相关,单株产量、大薯率、块茎大小以及商品薯率4个性状之间存在极显著正相关,而长势与收获成熟度之间存在极显著负相关。在综合评价中,‘云薯902’(综合得分Y=0.850)和‘云薯108’(综合得分Y=0.608)获得较高得分,‘云薯506’(综合得分Y=0.010)和‘云薯401’(综合得分Y=-0.011)获得中等得分,‘云薯103’(综合得分Y=-0.905)和‘云薯701’(综合得分Y=-0.964)得分较低。试验分析了在特定条件下51个马铃薯品种的表现差异,有助于优化品种选择和种植管理策略,为进一步优化马铃薯区域品种布局结构,加速新品种更新换代,提升云南省马铃薯主产区市场竞争力提供了实际种植依据。

bstract:Potato is the third largest food crop after maize and rice in Yunnan Province,and the potato industry is one of the important pillars in agriculture sector that highly supports farmers'income in underprivileged areas and developing plateau-like agriculture.A variety comparison test was conducted to optimize the variety structure and industrial layout of 51 potato varieties,developed by the Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,in Dehong Autonomous Prefecture,a representative region for winter potato cultivation in Yunnan Province.The effects on seedling emergence and yield of various dormancy breaking methods for seed tubers and the correlations between different agronomic traits were analyzed.A two-factor strip experimental design with factors A and B was adopted,referring to the variety and to the treatment method for seed tubers.Fifty-one varieties were divided into five groups based on their characteristics,i.e.demonstration group(A1),processing group(A2),winter cropping group(A3),spring cropping group(A4),and specialty group(A5).Three types of seed tuber treatment methods were used for dormancy breaking,i.e.room temperature storage,chemical sprouting(soaked with 1%thiourea+20 mg/L GA3 for 30 min),and low temperature storage(4-6℃).Principal component analysis and membership function analysis were used for comprehensive evaluation of agronomic traits and yield.The results showed a highly significant difference in potato yield caused by three different potato treatments(F=9.713,P<0.001),and the yield difference between different variety groups was also highly significant(F=17.134,P<0.001).Further,correlation analysis revealed a highly significant positive correlation between seedling vigor and growth vigor,and a significant positive correlation between seedling vigor and tuber number per plant,as well as highly significant positive correlations among four traits,yield per plant,large tuber percentage,tuber size,and marketable tuber percentage.However,there was a highly significant negative correlation between growth vigor and harvest maturity.The comprehensive evaluation results showed that two potato varieties,'Yunshu 902'and'Yunshu 108',achieved high comprehensive scores,with scores of 0.850 and 0.608,respectively,while'Yunshu 506'and'Yunshu 401'achieved medium scores,with scores of 0.010 and-0.011,respectively.The lower scores belong to'Yunshu 103'and'Yunshu 701',which were-0.905 and-0.964,respectively.An analysis of the performance differences of 51 potato varieties under specific conditions were conducted,which helps to optimize variety selection and planting management strategies.The study provides a practical planting basis not only for further optimizing regional potato variety layout structure and accelerating the renewal of new varieties,but also for enhancing the market competitiveness in main potato production areas in Yunnan Province.