黔南高等植物多样性与分布特征

Diversity and Distribution of Higher Plants in Qiannan Prefecture of Guizhou Province

目的:探讨黔南布依族苗族自治州高等植物多样性与分布特征,掌握该地区高等植物物种资源状况及其与环境因子之间的相关性。方法:通过补充调查、资料收集与数据整理计算物种间相似性、分化度及空间自相关等,探究植物多样性特征与分布规律。结果:(1)黔南分布高等植物326科1664属6487种,其中,苔藓植物97科239属908种;石松类和蕨类植物34科123属689种;种子植物195科1302属4890种。(2)物种多样性由东南向西北部地区过渡表现出逐渐降低的分布特征,荔波、罗甸、都匀和独山4县(市)被识别为物种热点分布与高度分化区,且物种主要聚集分布于800~1200 m的海拔段上。(3)年降水量(BIO12)、最湿季降水量(BIO17)、植被净初级生产力(NPP)及县域面积(CA)对物种多样性影响的解释率高达75.3%,其中海拔因素的解释率最高(50.7%)。结论:黔南高等植物资源丰富、多样性较高,主要以东南部地区为分布热点区,物种多样性随海拔梯度变化呈“单峰型”的分布特征,海拔是影响物种多样性与分化度等变量的主要环境因素。

Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the diversity and distribution characteristics of higher plant species in the Southern Guizhou Buyi-Miao Autonomous Prefecture.Additionally,the study aimed to understand the resource status of higher plant species and its relationship with environmental factors.Methods:The characteristics and distribution of plant diversity were explored through supplementary investigation,data collection,and data collation.Various calculations,such as similarity,divergence,and spatial autocorrelation among species,were performed.Results:(1)The study found that there were a total of 6487 species of higher plants,belonging to 1664 genera and 326 families,in southern Guizhou.Among these,908 species of bryophytes were identified,belonging to 239 genera and 97 families.Additionally,there were 689 species of Lycopodium and ferns,belonging to 123 genera and 34 families.Spermatophyte accounted for 4890 species,belonging to 1302 genera and 195 families.(2)The study revealed that species diversity gradually decreased from southeast to northwest.Areas such as Libo,Luodian,Duyun and Dushan were identified as species hotspots and highly differentiated areas.These species were mainly clustered at altitudes ranging from 800 m to 1200 m.(3)The impact of environmental factors on species diversity was also analyzed.It was found that annual precipitation(BIO12),precipitation of the wettest season(BIO17),net primary productivity(NPP),county area(CA),and altitude collectively explained 75.3%of the variations in species diversity.Altitude alone accounted for 50.7%of the explained variation.Conclusions:The study concluded that the Southern Guizhou region had rich and diverse resources of higher plants,with the southeast being the distribution hotspot.The species diversity exhibited a"unimodal"pattern along the elevation gradient.