地方政府竞争、土地要素市场化配置与区域创新

Competition among Local Governments,Market Allocation of Land Elements and Regional Innovation

利用城市面板数据,从土地要素配置的视角,以2007年《全国工业用地出让最低价标准》实施为契机,运用双重差分方法,研究了地方竞争对区域创新的影响和作用路径。研究发现:最低限价政策的实施会改善土地竞争,促进土地要素市场化配置,提高区域创新能力;经稳健性检验之后,结果保持稳健;微观层面,最低限价政策通过提升企业研发投入的机制和抑制企业寻租的机制提升区域创新;宏观层面,最低限价政策不仅通过减少房地产开发投资和放松预算约束来增加政府科技支出的机制以促进区域创新,而且还可以通过增强对土地违法的处理来改善制度环境的机制以促进区域创新;地理禀赋好的、城市级别低的、具有国家级开发区的城市所受到的最低限价政策的积极影响更大;此外,2008年的刺激计划对政策效应具有放大作用。

Using urban panel data,and taking the implementation of the National Minimum Price Standard for Industrial Land Transfer in 2007 as an opportunity,this paper uses double difference method to study the impact of local competition on regional innovation and its impact path from the perspective of land factor allocation.The study finds that the implementation of the minimum price standard policy will improve land competition,promote the market allocation of land elements,and improve regional innovation capability.After a series of robustness tests,the results remain robust.At the micro level,the minimum price policy enhances regional innovation by using the mechanism of enhancing enterprise R&D and suppressing rent-seeking.At the macro level,the minimum price policy not only promotes regional innovation by reducing investment in real estate development and relaxing budget constraints to increase government science and technology expenditure,but also by enhancing the mechanism of dealing with land violations to improve the institutional environment and thus promote regional innovation.Cities with good geographical endowments,low urban level,and national level development zones are more positively affected by the minimum price policy.In addition,the 2008 stimulus plan had a magnifying effect on the effects of the policy.