双碳背景下碳市场经济学理论与演化规律研究进展

Research progress in theory of carbon economics and its evolution law in the context of dual carbon

“双碳”背景下碳经济学理论及其演化规律研究对于推动全球碳减排进程具有重要意义,也是对碳市场及其与社会经济复杂系统相互作用研究的基础。碳交易市场通过碳交易机制实现温室气体减排,基于此,提出碳交易市场的理论基础是“外部性”与公共产品理论,碳交易市场的理论重点是“庇古税”与“科斯定律”,碳交易市场的主要理论依据是碳排放权指标分配与碳交易机制,碳交易背后隐藏的经济学原理是“绿色溢价”。碳金融将是未来碳中和技术创新的核心支撑,梳理了碳金融理论知识,探讨了碳交易市场和碳金融市场的关系。碳市场运行机制通过供求关系实现碳交易,市场规模逐步扩大,并伴随碳价格波动、监管体系完善及参与者多样化等演化规律。碳市场手段主要有碳税、碳交易、碳抵消,政府、企业及个人等参与者括在碳市场中扮演着不同的角色,发挥着不同的作用。通过系统梳理分析碳市场经济学理论创新及实践成果,可为“双碳”战略决策和技术革新提供参考。

The study of carbon economics theory and its evolutionary laws in the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality is crucial for advancing global carbon emission reduction efforts and understanding the interaction between carbon markets and complex socioeconomic systems.Carbon markets play a significant role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions through the implementation of a theoretical carbon trading mechanism.This paper proposes a theoretical framework based on the concepts of"externality"and public goods theory,focusing on Pigouvian tax,Coase theorem,and the distribution of carbon emission rights through quotas.It also explores the underlying economic principle of the"green premium".Carbon financing is expected to support future advancements in carbon-neutral technologies.Therefore,this paper summarizes the theory and examines the relationship between carbon trading and carbon finance markets.The mechanism of the carbon market operates based on supply and demand dynamics,and now the market is witnessing gradual expansion in which other evolutionary laws also play parts,such as carbon price fluctuations,improvements to the regulatory system,and the diversification of market participants.The main instruments in the carbon market include carbon taxes,trading,and offsets,with governments,businesses,and individuals playing different roles.This paper provides a systematic analysis of theoretical innovations and practical achievements in carbon market economics,serving as a valuable reference for strategic decision-making and technological innovation in the pursuit of carbon peaking and neutrality goals.