义务兵家庭优待金制度的运行困境与法律去障

Operation dilemma and legal removal of obstacles for the family allowance system of compulsory servicemen

我国现行的义务兵家庭优待金制度经历了非货币化为主的现役军人家属优待、农村籍和城镇籍二元划分的义务兵家属优待、“不低于当地平均生活水平”的义务兵家庭/家属优待金以及中央与地方共同/分级负担的义务兵家庭优待金制度四个发展阶段。从我国各省市义务兵家庭优待金制度的实践情况来看,我国义务兵家庭优待金制度在实践中并没有统一的标准和模式,而是由地方各级政府根据本地情况制定的。由于我国各地区经济社会发展情况千差万别,导致同一时期在同一部队、同一单位乃至同一岗位上服兵役的义务兵所在家庭获得的家庭优待金存在差别,不利于我国国防和军队建设。因此,未来我国义务兵家庭优待金制度的完善需要明确其公共物品属性,将其完全纳入国防经费预算全部由中央政府负担,同时按照“上一年度全国居民人均可支配收入”标准发放以弥补义务兵因服役而导致的所在家庭收入的减少,实现义务兵家庭优待金全国范围内的公平发放。

The current family allowance system of compulsory servicemen in China has experienced four stages:the non-monetized preferential treatment for the families of active servicemen,the preferential treatment for the families of rural and urban compulsory servicemen,the preferential allowances with no lower than the local average living standard for the families of compulsory servicemen,and the preferential allowance system for the families of compulsory servicemen jointly or hierarchically borne by the central and local governments.In terms of the practices of the family allowance system for compulsory servicemen in various provinces and cities,China's family allowance system has no unified standard and model,but is formulated by local governments at all levels according to the local conditions.Due to the great differences in economic and social development in various regions of China,there are significant differences in the preferential allowances received by the families of compulsory servicemen who serve even in the same army,the same unit and the same post in the same period,which are unfavorable to China's national defense and military construction.Therefore,improving the preferential family allowance system of compulsory servicemen in China needs to clarify its attributes of public goods in the future.This system should be incorporated into the national defense budget,and should be covered by the central government.At the same time,the allowance should be distributed according to the standard of per capita disposable income of national residents in the previous year,so as to make up for the decrease in the family income due to the service of compulsory servicemen.In this regard,the fair distribution of preferential family allowance for compulsory servicemen can be realized throughout the country.