环境土壤学——回顾与展望

Environmental Soil Science:Retrospect and Prospect

环境土壤学是一门新兴的、土壤学和环境科学交叉融合的综合性学科,其研究重点从早期服务于农业安全生产发展至现在的土壤环境与健康,本文从土壤外源物质侵袭和土壤质量演变对土壤环境影响等方面回顾了环境土壤学发展历程。土壤污染物对土壤环境质量影响是以土壤元素背景值和环境现状调查为基础,以明确污染物形态,揭示土壤反应过程机制,评估污染效应,开展土壤环境修复工程为主线不断发展更新。土壤质量演变研究中碳、氮、硫、磷元素循环从土壤肥力和农业非点源污染的探讨拓展至土壤对全球气候变化的适应与响应;土壤退化研究则从对土壤生产力或功能丧失的研究发展至全球气候变化背景下农业发展可持续性及土壤生态功能的研究。环境土壤学在今后有四个重要发展趋势:提倡多学科交叉融合;评估全球气候变化对土壤元素循环的潜在影响;完善土壤健康评价框架中的土壤环境评价指标建立;学科发展服务于国家重大需求。

Environmental soil science is an emerging interdisciplinary field that integrates soil science and environmental science.Initially focused on serving agricultural productivity,the research in environmental soil science has evolved to encompass soil health.This article primarily reviews the development of environmental soil science in terms of the impacts of exogenous substances on soil and soil quality evolution.The study of soil pollution on soil environmental quality focuses on identifying pollutant speciation,revealing soil reaction processes,assessing pollution effects,and carrying out soil remediation projects,based on soil element background values and the current state of pollution.In the context of soil quality evolution,research on the cycling of carbon,nitrogen,sulfur,and phosphorus elements has expanded from soil fertility and non-point source pollution in agriculture to exploring the adaptation and response of soil in global climate change.The study of soil degradation processes has progressed from investigating soil productivity or functional loss to examining the sustainability of agricultural development and soil ecological functions under the background of global climate change.Environmental soil science is expected to develop in four important directions in the future,including fostering interdisciplinary integration,evaluating the potential impacts of global climate change on soil element cycling,enhancing the establishment of soil environmental evaluation indicators within the framework of soil health assessment,and aligning the development of environmental soil science with the major needs of the country.