权利分割视角下土地经营权的物权定性

Analysis on the Right in Rem Nature of Land Management Right from the Perspective of Right Division

《民法典》规定了土地经营权,但未能终止关于其权利性质的争论,学界对于农地的权利结构、土地经营权的设立方式、土地经营权再流转或融资的规则安排等问题,仍然难以达成共识。从“两权分离”到“三权分置”,究其实质,是对土地权利的分割。土地权利从内部可以按照时间、空间和权能等进行分割,在外部则受到土地权利的性质以及公共政策的影响。遵循土地权利分割的内在逻辑和外在影响的分析框架,可以解释土地经营权的物权性及由此引发的争议点,明确其运行的具体规则。

The Civil Code stipulates land management right,but does not stop the debate on its nature.It is still difficult to reach a consensus on the right structure of farmland,the way to establish the right to operate land,and the rules for the re-transfer or financing of the right to operate land.From"separation of two rights"to"separation of three rights",the essence is the division of land rights.From the inside,land rights can be divided according to time,space and competence,and from the outside,they are affected by the nature of land rights and public policies.Following the analytical framework of the internal logic and external influence of the division of land rights,it is possible to explain the right in rem nature of land management right and the disputes arising therefrom,and to clarify the specific rules of its operation.