乡村振兴视角下耕地生态补偿制度的现实反思及优化进路

Realistic Reflection and Optimization Approach of Cultivated Land Ecological Compensation System from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization

耕地生态补偿制度的法治化有效契合了乡村振兴和生态文明法治保障体系建设的内在要求。以乡村振兴与耕地生态补偿的逻辑关系为研究的起点,并对耕地生态补偿制度的适用进行甄别。检视当前我国耕地生态补偿制度的规范基础和实践根柢,还面临着立法碎片化、层级低,囊括补偿主体、补偿标准、补偿方式在内的制度的关键构成要素和保障机制不健全等症结。为此,迫切需要健全耕地生态补偿法律体系,科学构建政府、市场与社会的合作补偿路径,合理划分中央与地方政府、地方政府之间的补偿责任,清晰厘定耕地生态补偿制度的关键内容,从而建立起耕地生态保护的长效激励机制,确保乡村振兴遵循生态化、可持续的发展路径。

The legalization of farmland ecological compensation system effectively meets the internal requirements of rural revitalization and the construction of the legal guarantee system for ecological civilization.The logical relationship between rural revitalization and ecological compensation of cultivated land is the starting point of the study,and the application of ecological compensation system of cultivated land is screened.Examining the normative basis and practical foundation of the current cultivated land ecological compensation system in China,we are also faced with problems such as fragmentation and low level of legislation,imperfect key elements of the system including compensation subject,compensation standard and compensation method,and imperfect security mechanism.Therefore,it is urgent to improve the legal system of ecological compensation for cultivated land,clearly define the key content of the ecological compensation system for cultivated land,scientifically build a cooperative compensation path between the government,market and society,and reasonably divide the compensation responsibilities between the central and local governments and between local governments,so as to establish a long-term incentive mechanism for ecological protection of cultivated land and ensure that rural revitalization follows an ecological and sustainable development path.