论离婚协议中房屋给与约定的排除执行效力

On the Effect of Excluding Execution of House Giving Agreement in Divorce Agreement

离婚财产分割协议不具有直接发生物权变动的效力,夫妻一方基于房屋给与约定只享有债权。接受房屋给与方作为案外人基于通过离婚财产分割协议取得的债权提起执行异议之诉时,应当在民事强制执行领域继续贯彻《民法典》确立的实现男女实质平等、保护妇女以及儿童利益最大化的目标,基于不动产登记制度不完善的社会背景和社会效果以及案外人生存权保障的因素考量,赋予接受房屋给与方享有的债权以排除执行的效力。不过,应当严格把握接受房屋给与方享有的债权排除执行的构成要件,准确区分夫妻财产给与法定义务和约定义务的内容,通过民事强制执行立法反向打击案外人与被执行人恶意串通借用《民法典》规定的合法形式进行“假离婚、真逃债”的现象。

The divorce property division agreement does not have the effect of direct property change.One spouse has only a claim under the house giving agreement.When an outsider files a lawsuit against the execution based on the claims obtained through the divorce property division agreement,we should continue to implement the objective of realizing the substantial equality between men and women and protecting the interests of women and children established by the Civil Code in the field of civil enforcement.Considering the imperfect social background and social effect of the real estate registration system,as well as the protection of the right to subsistence of the outsiders,the creditor's rights enjoyed by the outsiders should be granted to exclude the effect of execution.On the other hand,we should strictly grasp the constitutive elements of exclusionary enforcement of creditor's rights enjoyed by outsiders,and accurately distinguish the content of marital property giving legal obligation and agreed obligation.The civil enforcement legislation should be used to counter the phenomenon of"false divorce,true evasion of debt"by means of malicious collusion between outsiders and persons subject to enforcement by borrowing the legal forms provided for in the Civil Code.