双孢菇菌渣堆肥基质对番茄育苗效果的影响

Application Effects of Spent Mushroom Substrate(Agaricus bisporus)Compost on Tomato Seedlings

以‘东农716’番茄品种为试材,利用50孔穴盘育苗,采用物理性状符合NY/T 2118-2012要求的5个配方进行试验,双孢菇菌渣堆肥和蛭石的比例分别为3∶7(T1)、4∶6(T2)、5∶5(T3)、6∶4(T4)、7∶3(T5),以进口泥炭和蛭石的比例为4∶6(CK1)和100%商用基质(CK2)为对照,研究了双孢菇菌渣堆肥和蛭石不同配比对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响,以期筛选适宜的番茄育苗基质,为双孢菇菌渣的合理利用和解决泥炭资源短缺问题提供参考依据。结果表明:不同配比基质处理对番茄幼苗的生长发育状况有显著影响,5个双孢菇菌渣堆肥基质处理番茄苗的质量均优于对照,但双孢菇菌渣堆肥比例过高或过低均不利于番茄幼苗的发育。番茄幼苗质量和栽培基质品质以T3处理最好(双孢菇菌渣堆肥∶蛭石=5∶5),其次是T2处理(双孢菇菌渣堆肥∶蛭石=4∶6)。壮苗指数和综合指数均可作为衡量栽培基质质量的理想指标。速效养分和容重、总孔隙度及气水比是影响栽培基质品质的重要因素。综上,双孢菇菌渣堆肥是一种理想的栽培基质,可以替代泥炭进行番茄育苗。

The effects of spent mushroom substrates compost(A.bisporus)(SMS)and vermiculite on the growth of tomato seedlings were studied by using tomato‘Dongnong 716’and 50-hole seedling tray.Five culture medium were selected for this study that the physical properties meet the requirements of NY/T 2118-2012,the ratio of SMS to vermiculite were 3∶7,4∶6,5∶5,6∶4and 7∶3from T1to T5,respectively;CK1(imported peat∶vermiculite=4∶6),CK2(100%commercial substrate),in order to provide reference for the rational utilization of SMS and solves the shortage of peat resource.The results showed that the growth of tomato seedlings were significantly affected by different culture medium,the quality of tomato seedlings in all SMS compost and vermiculite treatments was better than that of CK2.If the proportion of SMS compost was not appropriate,the growth of tomato seedlings would be inhibited.The quality of tomato seedling and substrate was the best in T3(SMS compost∶vermiculite=5∶5),next one was T2treatment(SMS compost∶vermiculite=4∶6).Both the strong seedling index and the comprehensive index were the ideal parameters to measure the culture medium quality.Available nutrient,bulk density,total porosity and gas-water ratio were the important factors affecting the quality of culture medium.In a word,SMS(A.bisporus)compost is an ideal culture medium,which can replace peat for tomato seedling cultivation,and can be used for tomato breeding factory.