黄土丘陵区不同施肥措施对土壤肥力及土壤酶活性的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Measures on Soil Fertility and Soil Enzyme Activities in Loess Hilly Region

以不同施肥土壤为试材,采用大田试验的方法,研究了5种不同施肥措施(种植作物不施肥(CK)、氮磷肥配施(NP)、氮磷钾肥配施(NPK)、单施有机肥(M)和有机肥中配施氮磷肥(MNP))对土壤酶活性和土壤肥力的影响,以期解决黄土丘陵区农业生产中合理施用有机肥,减少化肥施用量,提高土壤生态环境,实现农业的可持续发展提供参考依据。结果表明:施肥显著提高0~20cm土壤养分含量,施入有机肥处理下增加土壤肥力更加显著;除土壤含水量以外,不同施肥处理下20~40cm土壤养分含量显著低于0~20cm土壤养分含量。施肥显著提高0~20cm土壤酶活性,MNP处理下土壤酶活性最高。施肥处理对20~40cm土壤酶活性影响各异,且不同施肥处理下20~40cm土壤酶活性显著低于0~20cm土壤酶活性。施用有机肥尤其是有机肥配施化肥可以改善土壤内部生态环境和土壤养分循环能力,提高土壤酶活性,应成为黄土丘陵区农田生产的重要措施之一。

The effects of five different fertilization measures(no fertilization(CK),combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer(NP),combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer(NPK),single application of organic fertilizer(M)and combined application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer(MNP))on soil enzyme activity and soil fertility were studied by field experiment with different fertilization soils as test materials,in order to solve the rational application of organic fertilizer in agricultural production in loess hilly area,reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer,improve the soil ecological environment,and provide reference for the sustainable development of agriculture.The results showed that fertilization significantly increased the soil nutrient content from 0to 20cm,and the soil fertility was more significantly increased under the treatment of organic fertilizer.In addition to soil water content,the nutrient content of soil 20-40cm under different fertilization treatments was significantly lower than that of soil 0-20cm.Fertilization significantly increased soil enzyme activity from 0to 20cm,and the highest enzyme activity was found under MNP treatment.Fertilization treatment had different effects on the enzyme activity of 20-40cm soil,and the enzyme activity of 20-40cm soil was significantly lower than that of 0-20cm soil under different fertilization treatment.The application of organic fertilizer,especially the application of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer,could improve soil internal ecological environment,soil nutrient cycling capacity and soil enzyme activity,and should be one of the important measures for farmland production in loess hilly area.