篆文本《仪礼》的编刻出版与经学史意义

The Publication of the Seal-Text Version of Yili and its Significance for the History of the Study of Classics

明嘉靖四至六年陈凤梧刻篆字白文本《六经》,内含《仪礼》。该本是以源出宋椠的元十行本《仪礼图》附刻之《仪礼》白文本为底本,又据大徐本《说文》及石鼓文、秦刻石中的篆形转写篆字、上板刊刻而成。陈本新增讹误不多,文本质量在明代《仪礼》诸本中可称一流,惜篆字写刻略显粗疏。陈本《仪礼》抽取《礼记》“逸经”附于《仪礼》之末,且整套《六经》中无《礼记》而有《仪礼》,表达了陈凤梧对唐宋以来“弃经任传”学风的反对,并希望藉助《仪礼》所承载的文武之道辅翼当世治化,这一思想与朱熹一脉相承。清康熙末年武英殿奉敕编刻了一套写刻俱精的篆字白文本《六经四书》,其中六经部分经目、结构与陈本相同,亦延续了陈本尊经抑传、返本溯源之意,其《仪礼》经文以陈本为底本,但误据李元阳本或其衍生本新增了不少讹误,文本质量不如陈本。就《仪礼》而论,篆文本经书具有独特的文献、学术价值,不宜偏废。

From the fourth to sixth year of Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty,Chen Fengwu engraved an unannotated edition of seal-text Six Classics,including Yili.The text of Yili in this edition was based on the unannotated Yili attached to the ten-line version of Yili Tu of the Yuan Dynasty,and the glyphs were based on Xu Xuan's version of Shuowenjiezi,shigu characters,and stone inscriptions in Qin.Chen Fengwu's edition had few new errors,and the quality of the text was among the first rate compared with other Ming editions of Yili.The only drawback was that the writing and engraving of the seal characters were a bit slipshod.Chen Fengwu extracted Yijing from Liji and attached it to the end of Yili.Besides,Chen's edition of Six Classics did not contain Liji but Yili,showing that he was against the“Qijingrenzhuan”style of learning sin the Tang and Song dynasties,and hoped to assist in governing the country with the literary and military doctrines conveyed by Yili.This idea was in line with Zhu Xi.At the end of Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty,Wuying Palace was ordered to edit and publish a set of unannotated Six Classics and Four Books in seal script,which was of excellent quality.The composition and structure of Six Classics in this set was the same as that of Chen Fengwu's Six Classics,and it also inherited Chen Fengwu's thinking on the classics.The seal-text version of Yili compiled by Wuying Palace was based on Chen Fengwu's edition,but it also referenced Li Yuanyang's version and its derivations,which led to a number of new errors.Therefore,the text was not as good as Chen Fengwu's version.In the case of Yili,the seal-text version of classics have unique documentary and academic values,which should not be ignored.