回归与重塑儿童生活:关于幼儿园生活制度化现象的审思

Returning to and Reshaping Children's Lives:Reflections on the Phenomenon of the Institutionalization of Kindergarten Life

幼儿园作为集体生活场域需要制定和严格执行各种制度以维持正常运转,但在面对幼儿这一特殊群体时,过度制度化的生活会消解制度辅助育人的价值功能,桎梏儿童在幼儿园生活中的自由表达。当前我国幼儿园存在强调儿童对现实生活情境的逼真复刻、对儿童物理游戏空间边界的静态管理和集体活动中对儿童行为的同质化要求等过度制度化现象。儿童作为幼儿园生活的体验者和创造者,其对生活的理解是充满幻想的、灵动的,一定程度上还是“野性”的。为凸显儿童本真的生活,幼儿园亟须返回儿童生活世界,彰显儿童生命自觉;生活空间转向,维护儿童生命在场。

Kindergartens,as collective living environments,require the establishment and strict implementation of various systems to maintain normal operations.However,when dealing with young children,an excessively institutionalized life can undermine the value of systems in assisting their development and restrict their freedom of expression in kindergarten.Currently,in our country's kindergartens,there are excessive institutionalization phenomena such as emphasizing realistic replication of social life contexts for children,static management of physical play space boundaries for children,homogeneity requirements for children's behavior in collective activities.Children,as experiencers and creators of kindergarten life,have an understanding of life that is imaginative,dynamic,and to some extent,a sense of“wildness”.To highlight the authentic lives of children,kindergartens urgently need to return to children's life world,manifest children's self-awareness of life,shift the focus of living space,and safeguard the presence of children's lives.