岑巩县农区鼠类群落组成及数量变化规律

Composition and Quantitative Changes of Rodent Communities in Agricultural Areas of Cengong County

【目的】摸清贵州省岑巩县不同生境的鼠种种类、组成及鼠类种群数量变化规律,为鼠害防治工作提供参考依据。【方法】采用夹夜法,每月在住宅区、稻田区、旱作区置夹进行鼠情监测,对贵州省岑巩县2003—2022年鼠情监测结果进行分析研究。【结果】岑巩县农区鼠种有9种,其中,住宅区以黄胸鼠、小家鼠为优势鼠种,分别占总捕获数量的61.78%、32.44%,农田区(稻田区+旱作区)以黑线姬鼠为优势鼠种,占总捕获数量的82.13%。住宅区、稻田区、旱作区捕获率分别为2.08%、1.13%、1.26%,平均捕获率为1.49%,每年在3—4月和9—10月出现2个种群数量高峰期,在不同年度、不同月份、不同季节之间,鼠类种群数量存在明显差异。【结论】黄胸鼠、小家鼠、黑线姬鼠3种主要害鼠是当地监测和防治的主要对象,每年3月和8月为当地鼠类防治的最佳时期,防治方法可选择推广应用毒饵站灭鼠技术和TBS灭鼠技术。

[Objective] This study aimed to identify the species and composition of rodents in different local habitats,track dynamics of rodent population quantities over time,and provide guidance for the effective rodent prevention and control in the county.[Method] Night trapping method was used to monitor the rodent populations on a monthly basis in residential areas,rice fields,and dry farming areas,and the monitored results in Cengong County,Guizhou Province,from 2003 to 2022,were analyzed.[Result] There were 9 species of rodents in the agricultural areas of Cengong County.Rattus tanezumi and Mus musculus were the dominant species in residential areas,accounting for 61.78% and 32.44%,respectively,of the total catches.Apodemus agrarius was the dominant species in farmland areas(including both rice fields and dry farming areas),accounting for 82.13% of the total catches.The average catch rates in residential areas,rice fields and dry farming areas were 2.08%,1.13% and 1.26%,respectively,with an overall average capture rate of 1.49%.There were two population peaks each year,occurring in March-April and September-October.There were obvious differences in rodent population in different years,months and seasons.[Conclusion] R.tanezumi,M.musculus and A.agrarius are the main targets of local monitoring and control.Control methods such as the application of poison bait stations and TBS can be selected.