不同土壤改良剂对油莎豆生长及风沙土速效养分含量的影响

Effects of Different Soil Amendments on the Growth of Cyperus esculentus and the Content of Available Nutrients in Aeolian Sandy Soil

【目的】风沙土是风成沙性母质发育的幼年期土壤,肥力低,保水保肥能力弱,利用改良剂提高风沙土肥力是其改造为农田的快速手段。研究不同改良材料对风沙土理化性质的影响及对作物生长的效应,作为研制土壤改良剂原料的依据。【方法】以风沙土和油莎豆为研究对象,设置施用有机肥、生物炭、磷矿粉、聚谷氨酸、腐殖酸5种改良剂进行盆栽试验。【结果】生物炭对油莎豆的叶长和叶绿素含量的增幅最大,分别为60.67cm、76.70,聚谷氨酸对油莎豆的分蘖数增加最多,为12个。另在不同改良剂的处理下风沙土的理化性质均发生明显改变。有机肥处理对风沙土的有机质和有效磷、速效钾含量的增加效果最好,分别为5.77g/kg和158.60 mg/kg、277.27 mg/kg;腐殖酸处理对风沙土的碱解氮含量和土壤阳离子交换量增加效果最好,分别为34.53mg/kg、3.33cmol/kg。【结论】在不同改良剂处理风沙土研究中发现,生物炭对油莎豆生长的作用效果最佳,有机肥对风沙土速效养分含量的改良效果最佳。

[Objective] Aeolian sandy soil is a young soil developed from aeolian sandy parent material,with low fertility and weak ability to retain water and fertilizer.Using modifiers to improve the fertility of aeolian sandy soil is a rapid means to transform it into farmland.Effects of different modifying materials on the physical and chemical properties of aeolian sandy soil and on the crop growth were studied as the basis for the development of soil amendment materials.[Method] In this study,aeolian sandy soil and Cyperus esculentus were used as the research objects,and five kinds of amendments,such as organic fertilizer,biochar,phosphate rock powder,polyglutamic acid and humic acid,were used for pot experiments.[Result] Results showed that biochar caused the greatest increase in leaf length and chlorophyll contents of Cyperus esculentus,which were 60.67 cm and 76.70,respectively.Polyglutamic acid brought the greatest increase in the tiller number of Cyperus esculentus,reaching 12.In addition,the physical and chemical properties of aeolian sandy soil changed significantly under the treatment of different modifiers.Organic fertilizer treatment had the best effects on the increase of organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium in sandy soil,which were 5.77 g/kg,158.60 mg/kg and 277.27 mg/kg,respectively.Humic acid treatment had the best effect on the increase of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen contents and soil cation exchange capacity of aeolian sandy soil,which were 34.53 mg/kg and 3.33 cmol/kg,respectively.[Conclusion] Among different amendments,biochar had the best effect on the growth of Cyperus esculentus,but organic fertilizer had the best effect on the improvement of available nutrient contents in aeolian sandy soil.