铝/钢异种金属电弧熔钎焊研究现状

Research status of arc welding-brazing of aluminum/steel

铝合金和钢在高温下易反应生成多种金属间化合物,使铝/钢的焊接一直是焊接领域的一大难题。控制接头界面处金属间化合物的生成及其尺度,是成功进行铝/钢焊接的关键。电弧熔钎焊是解决铝/钢异种金属焊接全面走向工程应用的最具希望的几种焊接方法之一。文中综述了近年来铝/钢电弧熔钎焊研究的发展现状,分析了铝/钢电弧熔钎焊焊接性,重点探讨了控制金属间化合物生长的方法,包括减小焊接热输入、降低热源能量密度、添加具有抑制金属间化合物生长的合金元素、采用中间层等;总结了改善液态金属润湿性和铺展性的方法,包括采用镀层/覆层、采用钎剂、采用辅助磁场、进行预热或辅助加热等。最后提出了若干铝/钢电弧熔钎焊需要进一步解决的问题。

Aluminum alloy and steel are prone to react and generate various intermetallic compounds at high temperatures,so welding of aluminum/steel keeps being a challenge.Controlling generation and scale of intermetallic compounds at the interface is crucial for successful aluminum/steel welding.Arc welding-brazing is one of the most promising methods to solve the problem of aluminum/steel welding.In this paper,the research status of aluminum/steel arc welding-brazing in recent years was summarized.Weldability of aluminum/steel arc welding-brazing was analyzed.The methods to control growth of intermetallic compounds were discussed emphatically,including reducing welding heat input,reducing heat source energy density,adding alloy elements that could inhibit growth of intermetallic compounds,using interlayer,and so on.Moreover,methods to improve wettability and spreadability of liquid metal,including coating/cladding,brazing flux,auxiliary magnetic field,preheating or auxiliary heating,were summarized.Some problems that need to be further solved in aluminum/steel arc welding-brazing were also put forward.