燃煤发电行业低碳化发展路径分析

Analysis on low-carbon development path of coal-fired power generation industry

在加快推动生态文明建设和“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的共同要求下,燃煤发电行业迫切需要进行转型改革,实现绿色低碳化发展,提升未来在新型电力系统中的竞争力。讨论了燃煤发电行业在双碳背景下进行碳减排面临的三大挑战,包括燃煤发电行业传统设计参数、新能源装机容量、电力系统安全性。重点阐述了燃煤发电行业实现由提供基荷电源向调节性电源转变,在新型电力系统中发挥压舱石和稳定器的作用,保障电力系统供应安全。为解决电力系统稳定性和低碳化发展之间的矛盾,需从多角度分析燃煤发电行业低碳化发展路径。从发电机组现状、煤燃料和燃烧、洁净煤发电技术、碳捕集、碳交易和现货交易等不同角度剖析了燃煤发电行业在低碳化转型发展中可采取的路径,为燃煤发电行业进行低碳减排转型发展提供不同参考方向,同时在双碳背景下,将为面临淘汰困境的燃煤发电行业争取更多的生存机会。值得注意的是这些低碳转型发展路径也需政府有关部门出台相关政策提供支持,如经常开展政企合作,燃煤发电行业才能尽快实现高效绿色低碳化转型发展。

In order to achieve green and low-carbon development and improve its competitiveness in the new power system in the future,the coal-fired power generation industry urgently needs to undergo transformation and reform.This is due to the joint requirement of accelerating the construction of ecological civilization and the goal of"carbon peak and carbon neutralization".In this paper,three major challenges facing the coal-fired power generation industry in reducing carbon emissions in the context of"dual carbon"were discussed,including the traditional design parameters of the coal-fired power generation industry,the installed capacity of new energy sources,and the security of the power system.In order to assure the security of power system supply,the coal-fired power generation industry should transition from supplying base load power supply to regulatory power supply and take on the roles of"Ballast Stone"and"Stabilizer"in the new power system.In order to solve the contradiction between the stability of the power system and low-carbon development,the low-carbon development path of the coal-fired power generation industry must be analyzed from multiple perspectives.Then,the paths that the coal power industry can follow for the development of a low-carbon transition were examined from various angles,including those related to coal-fired generation units,coal fuel and combustion,clean coal power generation technology,carbon capture,carbon trading,and spot trading,providing various reference points for the coal-fired power industry to simultaneously carry out the development of a low-carbon emission reduction transition.At the same time,in the context of"Dual Carbon",it will strive for more survival opportunities for the coal power industry,which is undergoing a challenging phase-out.It is worth noting that these low-carbon transformation and development paths also need the relevant government departments to introduce relevant policies to provide support,such as regular government-enterprise co-operation,the coal-fired power generation industry can achieve high-efficiency,green and low-carbon transformation and development as soon as possible.