减施氮肥增施生物菌肥对3种不同类型荞麦农艺性状及产量的影响

Effects of reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer Application and Increasing Bio-Fertilizer Application on Agronomic Traits and Yields of Three Different Types of Buckwheat

通过研究不同氮肥施用量与生物菌肥组合对多苦荞、米苦荞、甜荞的相关农艺性状及产量的影响,筛选出适宜每一类型荞麦的菌肥配方。结果表明,荞麦增施生物菌肥对氮肥具有替代作用,米苦荞施用50%常规氮肥+生物菌肥处理可以在保证产量的同时改善其品质及抗倒伏性;多苦荞施用25%常规氮肥+生物菌肥处理产量达76.07 kg/667 m^(2),比对照增产20%以上,生育期缩短,抗倒伏性增强,实现了多苦荞的增产增效;甜荞施用75%常规氮肥+生物菌肥处理对其产量并没有显著影响,但株高显著降低,籽粒颗粒大,千粒重显著高于对照组,商品性更好。研究证实,施用适宜的生物菌肥是促进荞麦生长发育、改善荞麦品质、提高产量并减少氮肥施用量的有效途径之一,对构建适宜辽宁地区荞麦良种繁育技术体系及绿色生产技术模式提供了一定的参考和借鉴。

Researching the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates and bio-fertilizer combinations on agronomic traits and yields of perennia tartary buckwheat,rice tartary buckwheat and common buckwheat.The suit⁃able bio-fertilizer formula for each type of buckwheat were selected.The results showed that the application of biofertilizer on buckwheat had a substitution effect on nitrogen fertilizer.The 50%nitrogen fertilizer and bio-fertilizer treatment of rice tartary buckwheat can improve its quality and lodging resistance while ensuring the yield.The aver⁃age yield perennial tartary buckwheat with 25%nitrogen fertilizer and bio-fertilizer reached 76.07 kg/667 m^(2),more than 20%increase than control group.Under this treatment,the growth period of perennial tartary buckwheat was the shortest,the lodging resistance was enhanced,and the yield and efficiency were increased.There was no signifi⁃cant effect on the yield of common buckwheat treated with 75%nitrogen fertilizer and bio-fertilizer.However,the plant height was significantly reduced,the grain size was larger,and the 1000-grain weight was significantly higher than the control group.It had been proved that applying suitable bio-fertilizer was one of the effective ways to pro⁃mote the growth and development of buckwheat,improve the quality,increase the yield and reduce the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer.The research provided some references for the establishment of suitable buckwheat breeding technology system and green production technology model in Liaoning Province.