线粒体置换技术中性别选择的应当性分析

Applicability Analysis of Gender Selection in Mitochondrial Replacement Technology

是否应当进行性别选择是线粒体置换技术伦理研究中颇具争议的话题。学者们基于不同的立场提出不同的道德判断,综述这些判断发现:支持性别选择者主要依据效用论和权利论;反对性别选择者主要依据尊严论和社群论。不难发现,依靠传统道德理论为道德判断或行为辩护,常常在“道德异乡人”那里陷入无尽的争论,并不能提供解决具体问题的有效指导。原则主义是以一系列明确、有效的框架构建起来的系统性、综合性的分析进路,能够合理解决不同价值体系、文化观念之间的差异与分歧。在线粒体置换技术中是否应当进行性别选择问题的讨论中,原则主义通过反思平衡的方法对其加以细化、权衡,最终得出允许进行性别选择的最佳判断方案。当然,若要真正实现性别选择于规避伤害的人道目的,则需要对使用的对象和阶段进行明确限制并综合运用伦理道德和政策规约双重维度加以规制。

Whether gender selection should be conducted is a controversial topic in ethical research on mitochondrial replacement technology.Scholars put forward different moral judgments based on different positions,and after reviewing these judgments,it was found that those who support gender selection mainly rely on the utility theory and rights theory,while those who oppose gender selection mainly rely on the dignity theory and community theory.It is not difficult to find that relying on traditional moral theory to defend moral judgments or actions often leads to endless debates among “moral strangers”,and does not provide effective guidance for solving specific problems.Principlism is a systematic and comprehensive analytical approach constructed with a series of clear and effective frameworks,which can reasonably solve the differences and disagreements between different value systems and cultural concepts.In the discussion of whether gender selection should be conducted in mitochondrial replacement technology,principlism refined and balanced it through the method of reflective equilibrium,and finally obtained the best judgment plan that allows for gender selection.To truly achieve the humane purpose of avoiding harm in gender selection,it is necessary to clearly limit the objects and stages of use,and regulate them from the dual dimensions of ethics and morality,as well as policy regulation.