两宋《柘枝舞》的赓续与流变

Continuation and Evolution of ZheZhi Dance in the Song Dynasties

《柘枝舞》在两宋时期的表演形态计有五种,其中北宋《柘枝队》《莲花台》以及南宋两种《柘枝舞》皆为队舞,寇准所好《柘枝》大曲是唐大曲在北宋之遗响。位列小儿队之首的《柘枝队》,表演程式最为规范严整。东传高丽的《莲花台》,表演程式已大为减省,表演形态仍存宋朝遗风。南宋两种《柘枝舞》“分作五方”的五方队形皆是小儿队表演队形之缩影。隆兴府的表演在借用《柘枝舞》表演形式的基础上,加入人物扮演与故事情节,已具有“以歌舞演故事”的戏剧特征。四种队舞的乐曲皆以宋人曲子词为主体,具有“联词体”的特征。

ZheZhi Dance has five performance forms in the Song Dynasty.While ZheZhi dui and Lotus Pedestal Dance in the Northern Song Dynasty along with two kinds of ZheZhi Dance in the Southern Song Dynasty are all team dances,ZheZhi Daqu favoured by Kou Zhun is the legacy of Daqu of the Tang Dynasty in the Northern Song Dynasty.ZheZhi dui is at the front of the little boys'team,whose performance routine is the most standardized and rigorous.The performance routine of Lotus Pedestal Dance has been greatly reduced after being introduced into Goryeo,however,its performance form remains the legacy of the Song Dynasty.The two kinds of ZheZhi Dance in the Southern Song Dynasty are both performed in“five--square formation”,which is the epitome of the little boys'team.The performance in LongXingFu is based on the performance form of ZheZhi Dance,incorporates role-playing and storyline,and already possesses the dramatic characteristics of“telling stories with songs and dances”.The music of the four kinds of team dances is mainly based on the lyrics of the songs in the Song Dynasty,which has the characteristics of a“couplet style”.