洞庭湖平原高产耐密宜机收春玉米品种筛选

Selection of High-Yield Spring Maize Cultivars with High Density Tolerance and Suitable for Mechanical Harvesting in Dongting Lake Plain

为筛选适宜洞庭湖平原种植的高产耐密宜机收的春玉米新品种,以36个新品种和中玉335(对照)为材料,采用大区试验,研究供试品种的产量、抗逆性和机收性能指标。结果表明:36个品种的平均产量为9.06t/hm^(2),比对照品种中玉335增产超过10%的品种有17个;根据收获时籽粒含水量特点,供试品种可分为高含水量、中含水量、低含水量3种类型,其中凉435最高,为33.5%,SAU210最低,为23.7%,有25个品种收获时籽粒含水量低于28%,可满足机收需求;不同籽粒含水量类型品种之间的杂质率、籽粒破碎率差异较大,而抗病性、生育期差异较小。综合考虑品种的生育期、抗逆性、产量和机收相关性状,沣玉4号、DS20101、雅玉158和KD205等品种可作为洞庭湖平原高产耐密宜机收春玉米品种进行示范推广。

This study aims to select new high-yield spring maize cultivars with high density tolerance and suitable for mechanical harvesting in Dongting Lake Plain.The field experiments were conducted to compare the yield,stress resistance,and mechanical harvesting performance of 36 new maize cultivars in the Southwestern China,with“Zhongyu 335”as the control cultivar.The results showed that the average yield of the test cultivars was 9.06 t/hm^(2),and 17 cultivars showed the yield increase by more than 10%compared with the control.According to the kernel moisture content,the maize cultivars were classified into three groups with high,medium,and low moisture content,respectively.The kernel moisture content at harvest ranked from 23.7%(“SAU210”)to 33.5%(“Liang 435”)in different cultivars,with the average of 27.58%.There were 25 cultivars with the kernel moisture content less than 28%at harvest,which met the requirements of mechanical harvesting.The cultivars with different kernel moisture content had significant differences in the impurity rate and kernel broken rate and insignificant differences in the disease resistance and growth period.Considering the growth period,stress resistance,yield,and mechanical harvesting performance,we suggested that“Fengyu 4”,“DS20101”,“Yayu 158”,and“KD205”can be selected as high-yield spring maize cultivars with high density tolerance and suitable for mechanical harvesting in Dongting Lake Plain for demonstration and promotion.