高效降解厨余垃圾复合菌剂的构建及应用

Construction and Application of Compound Bacterial Agent for Efficient Degradation of Kitchen Waste

选取10种微生物菌株,分析其产淀粉酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶的能力,根据厨余垃圾中有机质成分及酶活功能信息构建一种高效降解厨余垃圾复合菌剂,并进行厨余垃圾堆肥的应用研究。结果表明:酿酒酵母产淀粉酶的能力最高,地衣芽孢杆菌产蛋白酶的能力最高,米曲霉产纤维素酶的能力最高,枯草芽孢杆菌产脂肪酶能力最高。拮抗性试验发现只有短芽孢杆菌属与地衣芽孢杆菌存在拮抗性关系。分别选取5株高酶活微生物构建4组复合菌剂,酶活测定结果表明,由盐居固氮菌(Azotobacter salinestris)、绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)和米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)组配的F_2微生物复合菌剂的产酶能力较好,其中淀粉酶为25.0 U/mL,蛋白酶为0.13 U/mL,纤维素酶为1244 U/mL,脂肪酶为4.09 U/mL。堆肥结果表明:添加复合菌剂F_2组最高温达到67℃,高温期持续14 d,C/N为18.31,p H值为9.08,种子发芽指数为103.17%,相较于CK组堆肥效果更好,可使堆肥高温期延长4 d,堆肥提前6 d达到完全腐熟。

In this study,10 microbial strains were selected to analyze their ability to produce amylase,protease,cellulase,and lipase.Based on the kitchen waste organic matter components and the functional information of microbial enzymes,a compound bacterial agent was constructed to degrade efficiently kitchen waste,and the application of kitchen waste composting was studied.The results showed that Saccharomyces cerevisiae had the highest capacity of producing amylase,and Bacillus licheniformis had the highest capacity of producing protease.Aspergillus oryzae had the highest capacity of producing cellulase,and Bacillus subtilis had the highest capacity of producing lipase.The antagonistic relationship between Brevibacillus sp.and Bacillus licheniformis was found.Five high-enzyme activity microorganisms were selected to construct four groups of compound bacteria.The results of enzyme activity showed that the F2 microbial compound bacteria composed of Azotobacter salinestris,Trichoderma viride,Bacillus licheniformis,Bacillus cereus,and Aspergillus oryzae had excellent enzyme production ability,in which the amylase was 25.0 U/mL,and the protease was 0.13 U/mL.Cellulase was 1244 U/mL,and lipase was 4.09 U/mL.The application of compound bacterial agents during composting showed that the maximum temperature reached 67°C in the F2 group,and the hightemperature period lasted for 11 d.The C/N was 18.31,and the pH value was 9.08.The seed germination rate was 103.17%.Compared with the CK group,the hightemperature period was extended for 2 d in the F2 group,and the compost reached complete maturation 6 d in advance.