我国食品镍污染及膳食暴露风险评估的研究进展

Nickel contamination status in food and dietary exposure assessment:a review

随着新兴产业和工业化进程加快,我国土壤镍污染日益严重,食品成为人体镍的主要暴露来源。我国食品镍污染水平总体上在经济发达地区较高。不同食品种类中,谷物类、豆类和水产类食品的镍含量和检出率相对较高。我国目前采用的镍膳食暴露风险研究方法相对保守,主要采用点评估、简单分布和概率评估等方法计算居民每日暴露量,并用危害指数法量化累积暴露风险。研究发现居民膳食摄入镍在低龄人群和极端情况(高消费或高污染)下仍存在一定的风险,且农村人口的致癌风险高于城市人口。本文检索中国知网、PubMed等数据库自建库至2023年的文献,对我国食品中镍的污染现状和居民膳食暴露风险评估的研究进展进行综述,为今后食品中镍的暴露及风险评估研究提供参考。

With the rapid development of emerging industries and industrialization in China,soil nickel contamination has become a serious concern,with food being the primary source of nickel exposure to the human body.The level of nickel contamination in food is gennerally higher in developed regions of China.Among different food categories,grains,legumes and aquatic products exhibit relatively higher nickel content and detection rates.Currently in China,the meth-ods for studying nickel dietary exposure risk are relatively conservative,primarily employing point assessment,simple dis-tribution and probability assessment to calculate daily exposure levels among residents and quantifying cumulative expo-sure risks using the hazard index method.It is found that there is still a certain risk of dietary nickel among residents with younger age groups and under extreme conditions of high consumption or high pollution.Additionally,the cancer risk among the rural population is higher than that among the urban population.This article reviews the research prog-ress on the current status of nickel contamination in Chinese food and the assessment of dietary exposure risk for resi-dents,based on literature from databases such as CNKI and PubMed up to 2023,aiming at providing a reference for fu-ture research into nickel exposure and risk assessment in food.