启东市40岁及以上居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病调查

Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among residents at ages of 40 years and older in Qidong City

目的了解江苏省启东市≥40岁居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患病情况及其影响因素,为COPD防治提供依据。方法于2020年采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取≥40岁常住居民进行问卷调查,收集人口学、环境接触史、呼吸系统疾病的患病情况和家族史等资料;进行肺功能检查,以第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量<70%为COPD的诊断标准;采用多因素logistic回归模型分析COPD的影响因素。结果发放问卷8000份,回收有效问卷7538份,回收有效率为94.23%。调查男性3104人,占41.18%;女性4434人,占58.82%。年龄为(62.40±14.68)岁。检出COPD患者1135例,检出率为15.06%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,男性(OR=1.818,95%CI:1.712~1.940)、年龄(50~<60岁,OR=1.142,95%CI:1.111~1.181;60~<70岁,OR=1.176,95%CI:1.142~1.219;70~<80岁,OR=1.300,95%CI:1.249~1.361;≥80岁,OR=1.582,95%CI:1.490~1.691)、吸烟(OR=3.760,95%CI:2.658~4.879)、饮酒(OR=1.213,95%CI:1.077~1.348)、使用固体燃料(OR=1.676,95%CI:1.591~1.773)、有职业粉尘接触史(OR=1.859,95%CI:1.752~1.982)、有气喘或呼吸困难疾病史(OR=2.068,95%CI:1.044~3.125)和持续性咳嗽频率>4次/年(OR=1.225,95%CI:1.121~1.345)的居民COPD风险较高。结论启东市≥40岁居民COPD检出率为15.06%,与性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、使用固体燃料、职业粉尘接触史、气喘或呼吸困难疾病史和持续性咳嗽频率等因素有关。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)among residents at ages of 40 years and older in Qidong City,Jiangsu Province,so as to provide insights into COPD prevention and control.Methods Permanent residents at ages of 40 years and older were sampled using a multi⁃stage stratified random sampling method in Qidong City in 2020,and subjects'demographics,history of environmental contact,and medical and family history of respiratory disorders were collected.Pulmonary function test was performed,and the forced expiratory volume(FEV1)/forced vital capacity(FVC)ratio of<70%was defined as COPD.Factors affect⁃ing the prevalence of COPD were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.Results A total of 8000 questionnaires were allocated,and 7538 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective recovery rate of 94.23%.The respondents included 3104 men(41.18%)and 4434 women(58.82%),and had a mean age of(62.40±14.68)years.The prevalence of COPD was 15.06%.Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male(OR=1.818,95%CI:1.712-1.940),age(50 to 59 years,OR=1.142,95%CI:1.111-1.181;60 to 69 years,OR=1.176,95%CI:1.142-1.219;70 to 79 years,OR=1.300,95%CI:1.249-1.361;80 years and older,OR=1.582,95%CI:1.490-1.691),smoking(OR=3.760,95%CI:2.658-4.879),alcohol consumption(OR=1.213,95%CI:1.077-1.348),use of solid fuels(OR=1.676,95%CI:1.591-1.773),history of occupational exposure to dust(OR=1.859,95%CI:1.752-1.982),medical history of asth⁃ma or dyspnea(OR=2.068,95%CI:1.044-3.125)and frequency of persistent cough of more than four times annually(OR=1.225,95%CI:1.121-1.345)were statistically associated with the prevalence of COPD among residents at ages of 40 years and older in Qidong City.Conclusion The prevalence of COPD was 15.06%,and was associated with gen⁃der,age,smoking,use of solid fuels,occupational exposure to dusts,medical history of asthma or dyspnea and frequen⁃cy of persistent cough among residents at ages of 40 years and older in Qidong City.