省级政府执行“双减”政策的现状、问题与对策——政策工具视角下的文本内容分析

The Status Quo,Problems,and Countermeasures of Provincial Government’s Implementation of“Double Reduction”Policy:Analysis of Text Content from the Perspective of Policy Tool

“双减”作为一项国家级民生工程,有效执行是“双减”政策发挥实效的关键。政策工具是政府执行政策时所采用的方法与手段。基于政策工具视角,在构建“工具—目标”二维框架的基础上,对省级政策文本进行内容分析,研究发现:省级政府已经形成了由方案、措施和意见构成的政策体系,具有较强的可操性;政策工具选用存在显著的结构性失衡,表现为命令工具使用过溢,象征与劝诫工具使用相对不足,能力建设工具、激励工具以及系统变革工具使用严重缺位;政策目标的政府注意力配置存在差异,“双减”执行重“减负”而轻“提质”;工具和目标之间的适配度较低。针对问题,从完善政策工具组合结构,提升协同效力;均衡不同目标的注意力配置,加强对“提质增效”方面的政策供给;科学协调政策工具配置,提升工具的靶向精准度三个方面提出相应对策。

“Double reduction”is a national livelihood project of China and its effective implementation is the key to the effectiveness of the policy.Policy tools are the methods and means used by the government to implement policies.From the perspective of policy tools,this paper analyzes the content of provincial policy texts on the basis of constructing a two-dimensional framework of“tool-target。”The results include that provincial governments have formed a policy system composed of plans,measures,and decisions,which has strong operability;there is a significant structural imbalance in the selection of policy tools,which is manifested as the overuse of command tools,the relatively insufficient use of symbolic and exhortation tools,and the serious absence of capacity building tools,incentive tools and system change tools;there are differences in the allocation of government attention to policy objectives,focusing more on“reducing burden”than on“improving quality”in the implementation of“double reduction”;and that the fit between tool and target is low.As countermeasures,the mix of policy tools should be improved to boost synergy;the allocation of attention to different objectives should be balanced and the policy supply for“improving quality and efficiency”should be strengthened;and the configuration of policy tools should be scientifically coordinated to improve the targeting accuracy of tools.